PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INVERTEBRATA. 157 



of the faint band after D ; but, after standing, the spectrum 

 given in Fig. 30, 1 appeared, of which the bands read : 

 first, X623 to X607 ; second, X 596.5 to X 579. This shows 

 that the hlood of these Serp^dce did not contain the same 

 kind of chlorocruorin as Scibella, but a pigment very closely 

 related to it, probably nearer to hsematin than it." 



MacMunn has also investigated spectroscopically the gills 

 and opercula of Serpula. The pigment present is allied 

 to, if not identical with, tetronerythrin. The use of this 

 pigment is not of a respiratory nature. " It is not unlikely 

 that, especially when its likeness to Kiihne's chromophanes 

 is taken into consideration, it may be of use in absorbing rays 

 of light concerned in some obscure photochemical process." * 



From what has been said, it will be seen that the blood of 

 the Annelida contains various pigments ; and that hsemo- 

 globin and the lipochromes are uniformly distributed among 

 these animals. Krukenbergf observes : " Chlorophane und 

 rhodophane tragen auch bei Wiirmern in manchen Fallen viel 

 zu einer lebhaften pigmentirung bei." 



(3) The Inseda. — Mr. E. B. Poulton, F.E.S., has examined 

 spectroscopically the blood of Lepidopterous larvae and pupae. 

 He used Zeiss' microspectroscope in these researches, which 

 was found "to be extremely delicate and convenient on all 

 occasions." As a means of illumination a paraffin lamp was 

 at first used, ■'' and it acted very well for the less refrangible 

 half of the spectrum, but in all later work bright sunlight 

 was alone employed, because of its immense superiority at the 

 violet end." 



Concerning Zeiss' and other microspectroscopes used in 

 researches on the chromatology of the Invertebrate blood, a 

 description of these instruments will be given later in the 

 present chapter. 



The greatest care is required in obtaining the blood of 

 insects so as to prevent any admixture with food particles of 



* Quarterly Jowrnal of Microscopical Science, 1885. 



t Chundzuge einer vergl. Physiol d. Farhstqffe und der Farhen, 1884, p. 137. 



