PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INVERJEBRATA. 163 



a less absorption, extending to D, of which "the part 

 from 59-60 corresponds to the second band of the less refran- 

 gible part of the spectrum and the third band of true chloro- 

 phyll. The violet end is completely absorbed from 51.5, 

 dimmed to 52, but on widening the slit a little, blue comes 

 through on the violet side of 48, but very dimly." With a 

 thickness of 3 mm. the blood gives no absorption of the red, 

 but shows three bands at the violet end (Fig, 31, sp. 6). 

 The blood of the pupa of >S'. lAgiistri is a yellow colour in 

 those individuals which have fed upon privet in the larval 

 state, and greenish-yellow in those which have fed upon 

 lilac. " Comparing the spectra of the blood from pupae 

 of which the larvse had fed upon different foods, it was found 

 that the lilac-fed individuals showed greater effect at the 

 red end than the privet-fed individuals, while the converse 

 was true of the violet end. The comparison was made in a 

 thickness of about 8 mm. and by sunlight." 



The table on p. 164 gives the spectra of the blood obtained 

 from various Lepidopterous pupee. 



After adding absolute alcohol to the blood of the pupa of 

 8. Ocellatus, a bright yellow solution of xanthophyll was ob- 

 tained, which gave "the characteristic spectrum (shifted to 

 the violet) 49-47, 45.25-44, the violet being absorbed at 

 42." 



Alcoholic extracts of the ova of U. Angularia, S. Tilice, 

 S. Ocellatus, and Sphinx Ligustri gave each the spectrum of 

 xanthophyll. 



Poulton has made a comparison of the above results with 

 those yielded by unaltered plant pigments. In Fig, 31, sp. 4 

 and 5, are given the spectra of two and five calceolaria* leaves 

 (superposed) respectively. "Comparing these two spectra 

 with those of green blood (Fig. 31, sp. 1,2, and 3), the re- 

 semblance is seen to be very great, the chief differences being 

 in the second and third bands of the red end, which are con- 

 tinuous (Fig. 31, sp. 2 and 3), while the third is developed 

 * The same results were seen in the leaves of other plants. 



