56 



Cecil stony loam varies from brown sandy loam to 

 brown or red loam with an average depth of 8 inches, beneath 

 which is a red clay loam or clay. *rom 30 to 60 per cent 

 of the soil and subsoil is composed of stones and bowlders. 

 This is a residual soil derived from the weathering of in- 

 trusive dikes of trap rock, and in part also from other ig- 

 neous or metamorphic rocks. The surface is usually hilly 

 and broken. 



This type of soil is not mapped in the soil surveys 

 of the State, though several growers have orchards on this 

 type of land. The soil is adopted to apples. York, Ren 

 Davis and Winesap do well on Cecil stony loam. 



Penn. Series . The Penn series consists of Indian or 

 purplish red soils derived from the weathering of red sand- 

 stones and sholes of Triassic age. Detached areas of Triassic 

 rock occur in shallow basins. 



Members of this series have been mapped in the Albe- 

 marle area, the Leesbury area and the Campbell area. I shall 

 not give detailed descriptions of these soils. As yet there 

 are few orchards grown on these types of soil, though several 

 numbers of the series are well adapted to fruit. 



Penn loam is a dark Indian-red loam from 8 to 12 in- 

 ches deep, underlain by an Indian-rod clay loam. This pecul- 

 iar color is distinctive of the formation wherever found and 



