96 



stable manure, weeds, straw and bones. 



> 

 Tillage . - The same types of tillage are met with 



here as in the old orchards. 



In 30.33 per cent of the young orchards clean tillage 

 is practiced up to July 1st, or 15th, at which time a cover 

 crop is sown. A deep plowing is given in the late winter 

 or early spring, followed up by shallow tillage in order to 

 maintain a dust mulch. Some growers think it best to make 

 the spring plowing shallow after the third year. 



In 16.59 per cent of the young orchards clean till- 

 age alone is practiced. Frequent surface tillage is kept 

 up until July 15th, after which time the grass and weeds 

 are allowed to come up and shade the land. 



The owners of 1.42 per cent of the young orchards 

 recommend clean tillage for a period of years, ranging from 

 5 to 8, allowing a sod to form at the end of this time. 



Intermittent tillage is followed in 3.32 per cent 

 of the orchards, that is the growers till the land every 

 other year or every 3rd year, etc. The remainder of the time 

 the orchard is in sod. 



Partial tillage is carried on in 5.21 per cent of 

 the orchards. Generally from 2 to 4 feet of soil on either 

 side of the tree-row is kept tilled and sometimes a cover 

 crop is sown at the end of the season of tillage. In a few 



