426 The History of Ichthyology 



siastic Hugh Miller, stone-mason and geologist ; ilontague Brown, 

 Thomas Atthey, J. Young, and AA'. J. Barkas, students upon 

 Coal Measure fishes; E. Ray Lankester, some of whose early 

 papers deal with pteraspids; E. T. Xewton, author of important 

 works on chimaeroids. The extensive works of J. W. Davis 

 deal with fishes of many groups and many horizons. Mr. 

 DaA'is, like Sir Philip Gray Egerton, was an amateur whose 

 de\-otion did much to ad\'ance the study of fossil fishes. The 

 dean of British pakeichthyology is at present Dr. R. H. Tra- 

 quair, of the Edinburgh iluseum of Science and Arts. During 

 four decades he has devoted himself to his studies with rare 

 energy and success, author of a host of shorter papers and 

 numerous memoirs and reports. Finally, and belonging to a 

 younger generation of palscontologists, is to be named Arthur 

 Smith W(iodward, curator of vertebrate palaeontology of the 

 British Museum. Dr. AA'oodward has already contributed 

 many scores of papers to palasichthj'ology, besides publishing 

 a four-\-olume Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes of the British 

 Museum, a compendial work whose value can only be appre- 

 ciated adequately by specialists. 



In the United States the study of fossil fishes Avas taken 

 up by J. H. and W. C. Redfield, father and son, prior to the 

 work of Agassiz, and there has been since that time an active 

 school of American workers. Agassiz himself, however, is 

 not to be included in this list, since his interest in extinct fishes 

 became almost entirely unproductive during his life in America. 

 Foremost among these workers was John Strong Newberry 

 (1822-92), of Columbia College, whose publications deal 

 with fishes of many horizons and whose work upon this conti- 

 nent is not unlike that of Agassiz in Europe. He was the author 

 of many state reports, separate contributions, and two mono- 

 graphs, one upon the palaeozoic fishes of North America, the 

 other upon the Triassic fishes. Among the earlier palaeontolo- 

 gists were Orestes H. St. John, a pupil of Agassiz at Harvard, 

 and A. H. Worthen (1813-88), director of the Geological Sur- 

 vey of IlHnois; also W. Gibbes and Joseph Leidy. The late 

 E. D. Cope (1840-97) devoted a considerable portion of his 

 labors to the study of extinct fishes. E. W. Claypole, of Buch- 

 tel College, is next to be mentioned as having produced note- 



