The History of Ichthyology 427 



worthy contributions to our knowledge of sharks, pala;aspids, 

 and arthrodires, as has also A. A. Wright, of Oberhn College. 

 Among other workers may be mentioned O. P. Hay, of the 

 American Museum; C. R. Eastman, of Harvard, author of 

 important memoirs upon arthrodires and other forms; Alban 

 Stewart, a student of Dr. S. W. AVilliston at Kansas Univer- 

 sity, and Bashford Dean. Among Canadian palaeontologists 

 G. F. Matthew deserves mention for his work on Cyathaspis, 

 Principal Dawson for interesting references to Mesozoic fishes, 

 and J. F. Whiteaves for his studies upon the Devonian fishes 

 of Scaumenac Bay. 



Belgian pala?ontologists have also been active in their study 

 of fishes. Here we may refer to the work of Louis Dollo, of 

 Brussels, of i\lax Lohest, of P. J. van Beneden, of L. G. de 

 Koninck, of T. C. "Winckler, and of R. Storms, the last of whom 

 has done interesting work on Tertiary fishes. 



Foremost among Russian palasichthyologists is to be named 

 C. H. Pander, long-time Academician in St. Petersburg, whose 

 elaborate studies of extinct lung-fishes, ostracophores, and 

 crossopterygians published between 1856 and i860 will long 

 stand as models of careful work. We should also refer to the 

 work of H. Asmuss and H. Trautschold, E. Eichwald and of 

 Victor Rohon, the last named having published many important 

 papers upon ostracophores during his residence in St. Petersburg. 

 German palaeichthyologists include Otto Jaekel, of Berlin; 

 0. M. Reis of the Oberbergamt, in Munich; A von Koenen, of 

 Gottingen; A. Wagner, E, Koken, and K. von Zittel. .Among 

 Austro-Htmgarians are Anton Fritsch, author of the Fauna 

 der Gaskoklef or Illations Boemens; Rudolf Kner, an active student 

 of living fishes as well, as is also Franz vSteindachner. 



French palseichthyologists are represented by the veteran 

 H. E. Sauvage, of Boulogne-sur-Mer, V. Thollicre, M. Bron- 

 gniart, and F. Priem. In Italy Francesco Bassani, of Naples, 

 is the author of many important works dealing with Mesrizoic 

 and Tertiary forms; also was Baron Achille di Zigno. Robert 

 CoUett, of Bergen, and G. Lindstrom are worthy representatives 

 of Scandinavia in kindred Avork. 



Third Period. — Morphological Work on Fossil Fishes. — Among 

 the writers who have dealt with the problems of the rela- 



