32 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 



In my report on the "Blake" Anthozoa, 1883, p. 43, the name was changed 

 to E. liltkeni, following Marenzeller, because of the prior use of the name Alcyon- 

 ium glomeratum by Johnson; but that change was not valid, for the present 

 species was not originally described as an Alcyonium. 



In the latter work it was more fully described and figured, together with 

 a few of the spicules. In that place the spicules were described as follows: 

 "The larger spicula are rather large, long, stout, mostly club-shaped, with the 

 smaller end thickly covered with small warts, and the large end covered with 

 large, roughly lacerate warts, sometimes taking the form of ragged spinules; 

 in other cases having the form of lacerate flattened lobes; with these are some 

 roughly warted fusiform spicula, of similar size, and numerous smaller rough 

 spicula, some of which are fusiform, others club-shaped, and some of them 

 slender while others are stout. 



Height, in alcohol, 60 to 80 mm., or about three inches; breadth 35 to 50 

 mm.; diameter of contracted calicles (polyps) 1 to 1-25 mm. It sometimes 

 becomes larger, up to 5 inches high." 



Several examples were dredged off Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 52 fathoms 

 (U.S.F. Comm. steamer Speedwell) in 1877. One small one was dredged by the 

 Blake off Delaware bay, in 1,186 fathoms, and several good specimens, obtained 

 on the Fishing Banks, off Nova Scotia, by cod and hahbut fishermen have 

 been presented to the U.S. Fish Commission. 



In life the colour is usually pink or pale red, brownish on the stalk, and 

 when fully expanded it is translucent, sometimes yellow or orange. The mode 

 of branching and form of the polypidom are quite variable, and the states of 

 contraction cause notable changes in the appearance. This species, as shown 

 above, has been referred to as least nine genera and has received at least eleven 

 specific names, according to Jungersen. If it be considered generically distinct 

 from the type of Eunephthya the next available generic name will be either 

 Drifa or Gersemiopsis of Danielssen, 1887, and I would suggest the former. 

 It is nearly alhed to D^lva and Gersemia, but differs from both in having rough, 

 clavate spicules, with the acute processes projecting slightly from the polyp 

 walls, giving them a rough appearance. The polyps are not capable of entire 

 retraction, and are often incurved, with few or no spicules on the inner side. 

 The anthocodial spicules do not form a wreath proximalh\ 



In the type (PL V, figs. 2, 2a) most of the larger spicules of the anthocodia 

 have numerous rough, flatfish, lacerated or foliated processes, varying much in 

 form and size, on the larger end of the spicule, decreasing in size towards the 

 small end, where thej^ are reduced to small spinules or warts. These spicules 

 stand in chevron with the larger end outward, and the tips of the lacerate pro- 

 minences often project more or less from the surface, especially in dried or much 

 contracted specimens, making them rough. 



According to Molander his E. grosnlandica differs in having the rough 

 processes of the clubs much more slender and more numerous. Some of our 

 specimens agree fairly with Drifa islandica Dan., others with his flavescens 

 and rosea. These last two are united under the former name as a distinct 

 species by Molander, but its distinctness seems very doubtful, at least to Jun- 

 gersen, who also unites into our species all the nominal species well illustrated 

 b}^ Danielssen. All are ovoviviparous. 



Several of Danielssen's forms seem to me to be either distinct, or at least 

 notable varieties, for they differ very much from the typical glomerata in the 

 forms and ornamentation of the spicules as well as in other characters, as 

 figured by Danielssen, but his D. hyalina and A^ flavescens agree best with my 

 types. 



The various specimens from the Fishing Banks, in the Yale Museum, are 

 not now available for study, for they were boxed up and put in storage before 

 the demolition of the museum Iniilding, several years ago. Those examples 

 undoubtedly include several of the forms named as distinct by Danielssen. 



