24 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 



Eunephthya clavata+E. fruticosa+Nidalia arctica+Krystallofanes + Sarakka, 

 KtJKENTHAL, Tiefsee ExpecL, 1898-99, Valdivia, Vol. 13, pp. 73, 74, 77, 

 1906 {t. Jimgersen). 



Eunephthya fruticosa Jungersen, Danmarks Eksped. til Gr<^nlands Nord- 

 ostkyst, 1906-1908, B. iii. No. 18, Alcyonaria of East Greenland, p. 489, 1916 

 (gives full synonmj^ and distribution). 



Gersemia fruiicosa Molandbr, op. cit. pp. 48, 60, pi. I, figs. 2-5, 9, 11, 12, 13, 

 1915. Includes as varieties: — arctica; loricata+abyssorum; memhranea-\- 

 hyalina and frigida; pallida, nov.; and rigida, nov. He i egards mirabilis; 

 clavata+crassa as distinct species, though united with it by Jungersen. 



Plate III; Figs. 5-7. 



This species, when well-grown, consists of a short naked stalk, dividing 

 from near the base into more or less numerous branches, which again may 

 divide and subdivide in large examples. The terminal branchlets may be 

 blunt, clavate or capitate, mostly clavate when contracted. Each branchlet 

 may be terminated by few or many slender, elongated polyps, arising from 

 slightly raised 8-lobed calicles, and varying in age and size. The polyps are so 

 stiffened with small spicules that they are nearly or quite incapable of complete 

 contraction within the calicles, but in alcoholic specimens the proximal part, 

 about a third or half of the length, is often contracted to a smaller diameter 

 and less length than the more or less swollen distal part, or anthocodia, 

 owing to its smaller and less abundant spicules, ami it is then usually wrinked 

 both transversely and longitudinall}^, and in this state it may be partly with- 

 drawn into the calicles. But the enlarged distal part remains above the calicle 

 as a prominent anthodia, covered with an abundance of small, slender, often 

 bent, fusiform warted spicules, which are arranged in chevrons, in double rows 

 on the distal part, but become obliquely transverse, and about twelve in a group, 

 on the proximal part of the swollen region, thus forming a "wreath," as it 

 decreases in size to join the smaller basal part. The latter is much smaller, 

 in alcoholic specimens, cyliudric, slightly 8-ribbed, and is strengthened by eight 

 double rows of small fusiform, warted, spicules, arranged in chevrons. These 

 spicules are much smaller than those in the anthocodia (see PI. Ill, figs. 5, 6). 

 The tentacles also contain small spicules along the aboral side to near the end 

 of the stalk. The larger of these are small spindles which in a contracted 

 tentacle appear to lie nearly transverseh^ to the stalk, but in the normal extended 

 condition, thej' appear to have been arranged in open chevi'ons; none are seen 

 in the pinnules. The tentacles are long, somewhat swollen proximally, but 

 tapered to slender tips; their larger pinniE are long and slender. The tentacles 

 seem incapable of contraction within the oral depression, but can be incurved 

 rather closely, though in alcoholic specimens they are mostly not more than half 

 contracted, and some are nearly fully distended. The anthocodia terminates 

 in eight small obtuse lobes or scallops, corresponding to the tentacle bases. 

 These lobes are stiffened by small spicules and in alcohol contain a dark pigment. 

 All the spicules are white in alcohol. 



The various forms of spicules from the anthocodia and tentacles, are mostly 

 illustrated in PL III, fig. 7, but the smaller forms are omitted. The larger 

 spicules on the distal part of the polyps (fig. 7, b-g) are slender spindles, more 

 or less warty, often with one end more attenuated and smoother than the other; 

 both ends may be acute or one may be blunt or bi-lobed while the smaller end 

 may be acute. With these there are a few larger and stouter warted spindles 

 (fig. a), and very many smaller warted forms that come from the proximal 

 part of the polyp-body, from the tentacles and from other parts (fig. 7, h-n) 

 but only a few are figured: l-o were probably also from the tentacles. The 

 slender spindles from the anthocodia are mostly ten to twelve times longer 



