10 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 



Pennatula (Ptilella) borealis Verrill, Amer. Jour., Sci. Vol. XXIII, p. 310, 1882; 



J. F. Whiteaves, Catal. Inverteb. East. Canada, p. 35, 1901. 

 Ptilella grandis Koren and Dan., l^'auna Litt, Norveg., pp. 82-86, pi. XI, figs. 



1-7, 1877. 



This species is very common in deep-water on and between the fishing 

 banks off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. It ranges between 120 and 

 1,255 fathoms. It grows to a large size. Koren and Danielssen recorded 

 one 780 mm. high. Some of our specimens are over 25 inches high and 5 inches 

 broad. From the fishing banks 33 lots were received up to 1881, including 

 120 specimens. Its range extends to the region south of Nantucket. 



Some recent writers have endeavoured to apply the name grandis to this 

 species, apparently overlooking the fact tliat Pallas had long before used that 

 name for a very different Polynesian species, figured by Rumphius (Mus. Brig, 

 p. 43) as Sagitta marina nigra. 



Pallas gave a good description for that early date. He described the stalk 

 as smooth and terete and the colour as grayish green, etc. 



It is evident therefore that the very appropriate name grandis cannot be 

 used for this species. 



Kolliker ascertained that the grandis of Ehrenberg is the same as borecdis, 

 but that fact does not warrant the use of grandis for this species. 



This species differs so much from all other species of the genus that it has 

 been made a distinct genus bj' J. E. Gray, Koren and Danielssen, and some 

 others under the name Ptilella. The most ob\'ious if not the most important 

 character by which the genus Ptilella may be distinguished is the existence of 

 a strong bullious muscular enlargement near the top of the stalk. The arrange- 

 ment of the siphonozooids is also characteristic. Koren and Danielssen (op. 

 cit.) have given a pretty full account of its internal structure; but some of the 

 peculiarities mentioned in respect to the curvature of the axis, etc., are due to 

 the strong contraction of the specimens preserved in alcohol. 



It varies considerably in colour but is usually some shade of orange-red 

 or purplish red on the edges of the piunse and bulbous part of the stalk, while 

 the lower part of the stalk and proximal part of the pinnae or wings may be 

 yellowish or orange. The spicules of the wings are red. The tentacles are 

 wthout spicules. The siphonozooids are usually red, ver}^ numerous, and some 

 of those at and between the bases of the pinnae are usually large — generallj' 

 there are two larger ones. 



Ptilosarcus gurneyi Gray. Stout Sea-Pen. 



Sarcoptiliis (Ptilosarc'us) gurneyi Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. V, p. 23, 

 pi. iii, fig. 2, 18G0. 



Ptilosarcus gurneyi Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst. Salem, Mass., Vol. IV, p. 183, 

 1865; Trans. Conn. Acad., Vol. I, part 2, p. 382, 1868. Kolliker, Anat., 

 Syst. d. Alcyon. Peniiat., p. 146, PI. IX, fig. 79, 1869. 



Plate XII; Figs. 1, 2. 



This is a large stout and conspicuous "Sea-Pen," often a foot or more long 

 in life, li\ing in shallow water, as far north as Prince WiUiam sound, Alaska". 

 The naked stalk in life is large swollen and bullions; when much contracted in 

 alcoholic specimens it is nearly half the whole length. The pinnae or "^^^ngs" 

 are nearly semi-circular, broadly rounded, with a broad base, the posterior 

 edge extending as a rounded lobe beyond the basal attachment; their sides are 

 smootli; the edge is thickened and liears four rows of polyps; each calicle is 

 armed with two spiniform spicules. 



