4 G Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918 



The anthocodia ' has eight double rows of elongated spicules arranged in 

 chevrons, followed proximally by a wreath or zone of similar spicules arranged 

 more obliquel^r or transversely, thus forming a boundary more or less obvious 

 between the two regions of the polyp body. 



The mesenterial or proximal part of the body usually has eight double 

 rows of similar but generally smaller, shorter, and rougher, spicules, often arranged 

 almost transversely in contraction, but typically chevronwise. These may be 

 nearly or quite lacking in some species. 



Owing to the alaundant and closely arrangerl spicules in the anthocodia 

 this part often cannot be withdrawn into the calicle, but remains seated over 

 it, in preserved specimens, while the mesenterial region is withdrawn. In 

 some species both regions can be retracted, especially when young. 



The tentacles also contain, on the aboral side, a tlouble row of small, usually 

 warted, fusiform or oblong spicules, fewer at the bases and tips, none in the 

 pinnules, hence the tentacles are rather stiff and usually only partly concealed 

 in contraction, their spiculose bases forming a sort of S-lolied operculum for 

 the polyps, above the anthocodia. 



The spicules of the polyps and cahcles, etc., do not project in the form of 

 spinules, as in typical species of Eunephthya. Molander, op. cit., 1915, has I 

 believe, determined more accurately the relations of this and some related 

 northern genera than have some other writers, but like others he has erred in 

 the application of the name Eunephthya, as shown below. 



He has reexamined the types of many species and has described the internal 

 structure of the stalk. and branches, etc, 



Gerseniia rubiformis (Pallas.) Molander. Sea Strawberry. 



Lobidaria ruhifoniits Ehkenberg, C'orall. Roth. Meeres, p. 58, 1834. 



Alcyonivm riibijonnc Dana, U.S. P]xpl. Exped. Zoophytes, p. 625, 1846. ^'ERRILL, 

 Review Polyps E. Coast U.S. in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 1, 

 No. 1, p. 4, 1864: Proe. Boston Soc, Vol. X, p. 355, 1865; Trans. Conn, 

 Acad. Sci. Vol. 1, part 2, p. 459, 1868. Marenzeller. Intern. Polarforsch. 

 Jan. Mayeu, Vol. XIII, Zool., p. 15, 1886. Jungersen, Kara-Havets Alc- 

 yonider, Dijmphua-Tdgtets Zoologisk-Bot. Udbytte, p. 379, pi. xxxii, 

 figs. 14-22, 1887. 



Paraspo7igodes rubra AIay, Ostspitz., Zool. Jl). Svst., Vol. XI, p. 393, figs. 



3a, b, 1898 (t. Jungersen). 

 Eunephthya rubiformis Ktjkenthal, Alcyonaria "()lga" Exped., H. 1, p. 21, 



190G; Tiefsee Exped. (Valdivia), Xltl, p. 72, 1906; Revis. Alcyon. Earn., 



Nephthyidse, No. 3, Zool. Jb. Abt. Syst. Vol. XXIV, pp. 331, "335, 1907; 



Alcyon. Siber. Eismeeres, Mem. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, Ser. 8, Vol. 



XVIII, No. 15, p. 2, text cut, 1909. Jungersen, Bergens Mus., Aarbok, 



for 1915-16, h-2, p. 10, 1916. 

 Gersemia rubiformis Molander, A. R. Northern and Arctic Invertebrates in 



Coll. Swedish State Mus., Alcyonacea, Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsaka-. 



demiens Handlingar, Bd. 51, No. II, vii, p. 51, pi. 1, fig. 7, 1915. 



Plate I; Figs. 1-lf. Plate II; Figs. l-4a, 6. Plate XVIIa; Fig. 1. 



This species, as it usually appears in dried or strongly contracted specimens 

 consists of rounded, ovate, or pyriform clusters of rather hard, short, thickish 

 branches or lobes, convex externally, and attached to the main stalk by short 



'The term anthocodia should properly be confined to the distal or stomodeal part ot the polj'p-body, 

 which is very commonly protected by eight double rows ot elongated spicules arranged "in chevron'' 

 followed by a wreath or zone of similar spicules, arranged obliquely and transversely, differentiating 

 it from the mesenterial or proximal region of the polj'p. 



Molander (op. cit. 1915), applied the term to the entire polyp-body, beyond the calicle. This is an 

 error and liable to cause confusion. 



