BOTANY OF TERRA AUSTRALIS. 81 



originate from its upper part; and in the induplicate 

 aestivation of the laminae of the hypocrateriform perian- 

 thium. In this last respect the genus presents an excep- 

 tion to what I had formerly considered as one of the most 

 constant distinguishing characters of the order; it does 

 not, however, so materially invalidate this character as a 

 change to any other kind of aestivation would have done ; 

 the induplicate and valvular modes passing into each other, 

 merely by an abstraction or addition of the elevated 

 margins of the laciniae. Instances of the abstraction of 

 these elevated margins, in orders where they are generally 

 present, are met with in Goodenoviae and Convolvulaceae, 

 and an instance of their addition as in Franklandia occurs, 

 though less obviously, in Chuquiraga, a genus belonging 

 to Compositse, in which family the valvular aestivation is as 

 general as in Proteaceae. 



The aestivation of Pranklandia may be adduced in sup- 

 port of that opinion which considers the floral envelope of 

 Proteaceae as corolla rather than calyx; there being, I 

 believe, no instance of a similar festivation in a genuine 

 calyx, unless that of Nyctagines be regarded as such : but 

 a stronger argument for this envelope being really calyx is 

 afforded also by Franklandia, in which the transition from 

 the footstalk to the perianthium is so gradual as to be ex- 

 ternally imperceptible, and is not marked either by any 

 change or interruption of the surface. 



The apparently similar origin in Franklandia of the 

 stamina and squamae affords an argument, in addition to 

 what I had formerly stated,^ for considering the latter as im 

 barren filaments ; we may, therefore, expect to find octan- 

 drous genera belonging to this family. While the per- 

 sistence and induration of the lower half of the perian- 

 thium in this genus, and the perigynous origin of the 

 squamae, which in other genera of the order are hypogy- 

 nous, render it not improbable that plants may hereafter 

 be discovered having a calyx absolutely cohering with the 

 ovarium, which nevertheless it may be necessary to refer to 

 Proteaceae. 



' Linn. soc. transact. 10,^. 159. 



