ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
wide for double rows. Put 3in. manure in bottom & 2in. top soil on 
this. Plant out first week in June for early crop; end of June for 
main crop. Distance apart for plants, 8 in. for single row; 9in. apart 
in row & 6 in. between rows for double rows. Earth up gradually from 
Sept. to Noy. in fine weather only. Sow seeds 1-10in. deep in light 
soil in temp. 65° to 75° in Feb. & March for early craps in March in 
similar temp. for main crop, or in cold frame in April. Seedlings in 
first two cases to be transplanted 2in. apart in light soil in boxes, kept 
in temp. 55° to 65° for few weeks, then planted Gin. apart in shady 
bed outdoors till required for planting in trenches. Water liberally 
until earthed up to ensure crisp, solid hearts. Liquid manure apply 
once a week from planting till earthing up. Guano at rate of 1 oz. 
to gallon of water most suitable stimulant. Plants for seed bearing 
not to be earthed up; protect them in severe weather; transplant 
following spring; gather seed in Sept. Seeds germinate in 15 to 20 
days, & retain their vitality from eight to ten years. Crop reaches 
maturity in 24 weeks from date seeds are sown. 102. of seed will yield 
1,000 plants. 
Marzer Curture: Soil, deep, light, & rich. Manures: 30 to 40 
tons of farmyard manure per acre, ploughed in in autumn; or 20 tons 
of farmyard manure applied in autumn & 4cwt. superphosphate per 
acre applied in spring. Plough out trenches Gin, deep, 1ft. wide, & 
4ft. apart in May, & plant direct into these; or dig out trenches 1 ft. 
wide & 18in. deep, put in 1ft. of manure, tread firmly, & cover with 
4in. of soil, then plant. Sow for early crops in Feb., main crops in 
March, aud late ones in April. Plant out early crops in May, main- 
crops in June, late ones in July. Keep moist. Earth up when fully 
grown. Do this in three operations. Market in bundles (rolls) con- 
taining 8 washed or 12 unwashed sticks. Average yield per acre, 1,200 
rolls. Average returns (gross) per acre, £40 to £60, 
CULTURE OF TURNIP-ROOTED CELERY OR CELERIAC: Soil, 
rich, light. Position, sunny level border. Plant in June 1 ft. apart in 
rows 18in. asunder. Keep all side shoots removed. Draw little mould 
around base of each in Aug. Water freely in dry weather. Lift roots 
in Oct. & store them in sand in shed till required for use. Sow & 
treat seedlings as advised for ordinary celery. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: A. graveolens (Celery), white, July, 3 ft., Britain; 
graveolens rapaceum (Celeriac), white, July. 
Aponogeton (Cape Pond-weed; Winter Hawthorn).—Ord. Naia- 
dacew. Malf-hardy floating aquatic. Nat. Cape of Good Hope. First 
introduced 1788, 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, shallow ponds or lakes, 1 ft. 
deep where there is a stream of water, or ina cole greenhouse tank or 
aquaria. Plant in pots, sinking the latter in the water during March. 
Not hardy in the north. Propagate by offsets. 
SPECIES OULTIVATED: A. distachyon, white, fragrant, snmmer. 
Apple.—See Pyrus. 
Apple-bearing Rose (Rosa villosa pomifera)—See Rosa. 
Apple of Peru (Nicandra physaloides).—See Nicandra. 
Apricot.—See Prunus. 
Aquilegia Be eae rag a Ranunculacew. Hardy peren- 
nials, Graceful plants for border or rockery culture & for yielding 
flowers for cutting. 
CULTURE: Soil, sandy loam, enriched with leaf-mould. Position, 
well-drained, partially shady rockeries & borders. Plant, Oct. or 
30 
