ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
years only. Seeds germinate in 7 to 10 days. Quantity of seed re- 
quired to sow a row 50 ft. long, 40z.; for a bed 9 square yards, 1 oz. 
Market Cuuture: Soil, sandy, deeply dug or ploughed previous 
autumn. Manures, 30 to 40 tons of farmyard manure per acre and 
3cwt. of kainit per acre, applied in autumn. Just before sowing, 
apply 3cwt. of superphosphate per acre, and when plants are 3in. 
high, 14 cwt. of nitrate of soda per acre. Sow spring onions in March 
in drills 1 ft. apart; White Lisbon onions, for selling young, in Aug. 
Keep crops well hoed. Thin out spring-sown crops to 61in, apart; 
picklers to 2in. Lift spring crop in Aug, or Sept. Quantity of seed 
to sow an acre, 9 to 101b.; White Lisbon variety, 30 to 401b. Average 
yield per acre, 300 to 500 bushels. Average returns per acre, £40 to 
£50. Cost of cultivation: Hoeing, 10s. per acre; hand-weeding, 26s. 
per acre; pulling, beers & bunching autumn-sown onions, 3d. to 4d. 
per dozen bunches. Market spring-sown bulbs in bags; autumn-sown 
in bunches tied with withies. 
CULTURE OF LEEK: Soil, light rich. Grow in trenches _15 in. 
wide & 18in. deep, containing Gin. of decayed manure and 6in. of 
soil on top; or in drills 6 in. dese and 1 ft. apart, without any manure, 
except that previously dug into the soil; or on the fiat, holes 34 in, wide 
at top & 4in. deep, & 9in, apart in rows 1ft. asunder, the leek roots 
being pressed to bottom of hole and just covered with an inch of soil, 
leaving upper space free of soil. Sow seeds in heat in Feb. for planting 
out in June; outdoors in March or April for planting out in July or 
Aug. Earth up gradually with soil, as plants grow, to blanch the 
stems. Water freely in dry weather. Liquid manure shouid be fre- 
quently given prior to earthing up. Suitable liquid manure: 1 oz. of 
kainit, 1 oz. of superphosphate, and 1o0z. of nitrate of soda per gallon 
of water. Crop reaches maturity 165 days from time of sowing seeds. 
Seeds retain their germinating power for three years. Seeds germinate 
in seven to ten days. 
Marxer Cutture: Soil, light, rich. Manures: 12 tons of decayed 
manure & 2cwt of kainit per acre, ploughed in in autumn; 4cwt. of 
superphosphate per acre, applied before planting; & lcwt. of nitrate 
of soda per acre a month after planting. Sow seeds in heat in Feb., 
and plant out the seedlings 6in. apart in rows 8in. asunder in April. 
Sow outdoors in March and again in May for successional crops. Keep 
well hoed and watered. Market the roots in flat bunches of eight, 
wash clean, & trim off leaves. Sell by the dozen bunches. Quantity 
of seed to sow an acre, 12 to 141b. Average yield per acre, 10,890 
bunches of eight roots. Average returns (gross) per acre, £30 to £40. 
Average price per doz, buuches, 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. 
OULTURE OF SHALLOT: Soil, light, rich. Position, warm, sunny 
spot. Manure as for onion crop. Plant bulbs (cloves) half their depth, 
Qin. apart in rows, 1 ft. asunder, in Feb. or March. Draw soil away 
from base of bulbs when fully grown. Lift, dry, & store in Aug. In- 
creased by seeds sown in drills 8 ft. apart in March, thinning out seed- 
lings to Sin, apart; also by division of the bulbs at planting time. 
Margret Cutture: Soil as above. Manures: 10 tons of rotten 
manure per acre, ploughed in in autumn; 3 cwt. of superphosphate per 
acre, applied before planting; & lcwt. of nitrate of soda per acre, six 
weeks after plantiug. Lift, dry, & store in July or Aug. Market in 
pecks of 121b. Quantity of seeds to sow an acre, 8 to 10 1b. Average 
yield per acre, 300 to 400 bushels. 
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