ENOYCLOPHDIA OF GARDENING. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, open dryish border. Plant, 
March or April. Propagate by seeds sown jin. deep in April where 
plants are required to grow. i re 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. acaulis, white, June, 9 in., Europe; acanthifolia, 
white, June, 18 in., 8. Europe. 
Carludovica.—Ord. Cyclanthaceez. Stove ornamental-leaved 
perennials. First introduced 1818. Leaves, green, divided, palm-like. 
CULTURE: Compost two parts peat, one part sandy loam. _Posi- 
tion, moist, shady. Pot, March. Water moderately Nov. to March, 
freely afterwards. Temp., Sept. to March 55° to 65°; March to Sept. 
65° to 75°. Propagate by division of plant at potting time. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: ‘©, Drudei, 4 ft., Colombia; angustifolia (Syn. C, 
Plumeri), 2 ft., Peru. 
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).—See Dianthus. 
Carnation Poppy (Papaver somniferum).—See Papaver. 
Carniola Lily (Lilium carniolicum).—See Lilium. 
Carob Tree (Ceratonia Sa a acl Ceratonia, 
Carolina Allspice.—See Calycanthus. 
Carolina Pink (Spigelia marilandica).—See Spigelia. 
Carolina Poplar (Populus monilifera).—See Populus. 
Carpathian Bell-flower (Campanula carpatica).—See Cam- 
panula. 
Carpathian Snowflake (Leucojum carpaticum).—See Leu- 
cojum. 
Carpenteria (Californian Mock Orange).—Ord. Saxifragacer. 
Hardy deciduous flowering shrub. _ First introduced 1880. 
CULTURE: Soil, light loamy. Position, sheltered position in shrub- 
bery or against south wall. Plant, Oct. or Nov. Prune away shoots 
that have flowered directly blossoms fade. Propagate by cuttings of 
young shoots inserted in cold frame in April; suckers removed from 
roots in autumn; fayering shoots in Sept. ; 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: O. californica, white, fragrant, June, 4 ft., California. 
Carpenter’s-Leaf (Galax aphylla).—See Galax 
Carpet Plant (Ionopsidium acaule).—See Ionopsidium. 
Carpinus (Hornbeam), — Ord. Cupulifere. Hardy deciduous 
trees. Orn. foliage. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary; not adapted for chalky soils. Position, 
open, exposed. Plant, Oct. to March. Native species (C. Betulus) 
makes good hedge. Plant three-year old seedlings 3 ft. apart for this 
purpose, & prune shoots in closely every autumn. Cost of plants, 5s. 
per 100; preparing site and planting per lineal yard, 9d.; trimming, 
4d. per chain. Propagate by seeds sown lin. deep in autumn in 
ordinary soil outdoors. Transplant seedlings when a year old 2 ft. 
apart each way. Number of seeds in a pouae 14,000. Weights of a 
bushel of seeds, 401lb. Quantity of seeds to sow an acre, 351b. 
Timber reaches maturity at 40 years. Average price per cubic foot, 
2s. Uses: Sawmill rollers and skittle pins. 
SPEOIES OULTIVATED: O. Betulua (Hornbeam), 80 ft., Europe (Britain), and 
ita varieties asplenifolia, incisa (out-leaved), pendula (weeping), aureo-variegata 
(golden-leaved) and variegata (variegated); caroliniana (Syn. 0. americana), Ameri- 
can Hornbeam, 20 ft., N. America; japonica (Japanese Hornb: 15 ft., J : 
orientalis, 10 ft., S. Europe. ei aie aie 
Carrion Flower.—See Stapelia. 
Carrot.—See Daucus. 
Carthamus (Distaff Thistle; Safflower). — Ord. Composite. 
Hardy annuals. First introduced 1551. 
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