ENCYCLOPHDIA OF GARDENING. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny border. Propagate 
by seeds sown 4 in. deep in light soil in temp. 65° in March, transplant- 
ing seedlings where they are to flower in May. 
SPECIES OULTIVATED: O. lanatus, yellow, July, 2 ft.; Oxyacantha, yellow, 
July, 2 ft.; tinctorius, orange, June, 3 ft. All natives of Europe. 
Cartwheel Flower (Heracleum villosum).—See Heracleum. 
Carum (Parsley; Caraway).—Ord. Umbellifere. Hardy biennial 
culinary herbs & aromatic seed-bearing plants. Caraway seeds used 
for confectionary purposes; Parsley for garnishing, etc. First intro- 
duced 1548, 
CULTURE OF PARSLEY: Soil, ordinary, deep, rich, moist. 
Position, partially shady; as edgings to borders, or in rows. Sow in 
Feb., May, and July in drills in. deep & 12in. apart. Thin seedlings 
when lin. high to 3in, apart, & later on to 8in. apart. Thinnings 
may be replanted to form a fresh bed if desired. When leaves become 
coarse cut them all off to induce fresh growth. Renew beds every 
second year. Suitable artificial manures, 240z. superphosphate per 
square yard before sowing; 2} oz. nitrate of soda forked in when the 
lants are thinned; 1oz. superphosphate, 40z. nitrate of soda, }0z. 
iron sulphate, to a gallon of water, applied in summer. Seed retains 
its vegetative power 3 years. Quantity required for a row 50 ft. long, 
loz. 
Market Cutture: Soil, sandy loam. Sow in April for a summer 
crop, & in July for winter and spring. Drill in 1in. deep; rows 15 in. 
asunder. Seeds to sow an acre, 121b. Keep well hoed, & thin to 6in. 
apart. Cut over winter crop in Sept. to check flowering, & induce new 
leaves to form. Market by the dozen bunches, each bunch being a 
good handful. Average price per doz. bunches, 2s. to 3s. 
CULTURE OF CARAWAY: Soil, deep loam, well manured the pre- 
vious winter. Sow seeds 1 in. deep in drills 18in. apart in April. Well 
roll land after sowing. Keep well hoed. Have the growth eaten down 
close by sheep in autumn. arvest crop in July, & thresh out seeds at 
once. Market in sacks of three bushels. Average yield per acre, 
15 to 20 cwt. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: OC. Petroselinum (Parsley), yellow, summer, 1 to 2 ft., 
Sardinia; Carvi (Caraway), pinkish white, July, 30 in., Europe. 
Carya (Hickory).—Ord. Juglandacex. Hardy deciduous trees. 
First introduced 1629. Full grown trees bear edible nuts similar to 
walnuts. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, shrubberies, woods, or as 
single specimens on lawns & in parks. Plant, Oct. to March. Prune, 
Nov., thinning out unsightly branches only. Propagate by nuts sown 
2in. deep where trees are required to grow, in Nov. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: ©. alba (Shell-bark Hickory), 30 ft., N. America; 
amara (Bitter Nut), 30 to 40 ft., N. America. 
Caryopteris (Moustache plant)—Ord. Verbenacee. Half- 
hardy shrubby perennial. First introduced 1814. 
CULTURE: Compost, two ee loam, one part leaf-mould & a little 
sand. Position, pots in cool greenhouse, or in border at foot of a 
warm, sheltered wall outdoors. Pot or plant April. Water freely 
in spring & summer, moderately in winter. Propagate by seeds sown 
in light soil in temp. 55° in spring ; cuttings of the young shoots or 
division of roots in March or April. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: O. Mastacanthus, blue, autumn, 3 to 4 ft., China and 
Japan. 
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