ENCYCLOPHDIA OF GARDENING. 
CULTURE OF WALLFLOWERS: Soil, ordinary well-drained, not 
too heavy ; add lime or old mortar. Position, sunny borders, beds or 
old walls. Sow either broadcast or in drills Gin. apart & din. deep 
in April. Transplant seedlings when third leaf has formed, 6 in. apart 
each way, in a bed of firm soil limed as before, & plant out finally a 
foot or so apart in Sept. or Oct. Make soil firm around plants to 
ensure sturdy firm growth. Double-flowered varieties may be increased 
by cuttings or slips of side-shoots removed with a slight heel attached, 
& inserted in cold frame or shady border in Aug. Plant out in March. 
To grow on old walls, sow a pinch of seed in crevices, adding a little 
soil & cow manure to supply food to young plants; or plant young 
seedlings in similar compost in spring. On heavy soils wallflowers are 
best_ grown as biennials, 
CULTURE OF DWARF SPECIES: C. alpinus, Marshallii, kewensis, 
& mutabilis, should be grown on sunny rockeries in good loamy soil & 
old mortar. Plant in spring. Top-dress annually in March with well- 
rotted cow manure. Propagate as advised for Double Wallflowers. 
POT CULTURE: Plant seedlings in good ordinary mould in six-inch 
pots in Sept.; keep in sunny cold frame till flower buds form, then 
transfer to greenhouse. Water moderately. Feed with liquid manure 
when in flower. Throw away after blooming. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: 0. alpinus, yellow, May, 6 in., Scandinavia, best 
grown on a rockery; Cheiri (Wallflower), various colours, spring, 1 to 2 ft., 
Europe; Marshallii, orange, 1 ft., hybrid; kewensis, sulphur, orange, purple, 
Nov. to May, 1 ft., hybrid; mutabilis, or Allionii, purple, spring, 1 ft 
Chelidonium (Celandine; Swallow-wort).—Ord. Papaveracez. 
Chenopodiaces. Hardy perennials & annuals. C. Bonus-Henricus & 
C. Quinoa, grown sometimes as a substitute for spinach. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, damp shady borders. Plant, 
March or April. Propagate by seeds sown } in. deep in shade outdoors 
in Spee division of roots in April. 
SPECIES OULTIVATED: C. majus, yellow, May, 2 ft., Britain; majus flore 
pleno, autumn. 
Chelone (Turtle Head; Shell-flower). — Ord. Scrophulariacee. 
Hardy herbaceous perennials. First introduced 1752. 
CULTURE: Soil, rich, deep. Position, open borders. Plant, Oct., 
Nov., March, or April. Propagate by seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in light 
soil in temp. 55° to 65° in March, or similar depth in soil in cold frame 
in April, transplanting seedlings outdoors in May & June; cuttings 
inserted in sandy soil in cold frame in June & July; division of plants 
in Aug. & Sept 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. glabra, white, Aug., 4 ft.,.N. America; Lyoni, 
purple, Aug., 4 ft., N. America; obliqua, purple, Aug., 4 ft., N. America. 
Chenopodium (Good King Henry; Wild Spinach). — Ord. 
Chenopodiaces. Hardy perennials & annuals, C. Bonus-Henricus & 
C. Quinoa grown sometimes as a substitute for Spinach. 
CULTURE OF GOOD KING HENRY: Soil, good, well trenched, & 
liberally manured. Position, dryish, sunny. Sow seeds lin. deep in 
drills 12in. apart in April. Thin seedlings out to 9in. apart in May. 
Cover bed in October with thin layer of manure. Gather young shoots 
in April as substitute for asparagus; leaves in May & June in lieu of 
spinach. Renew beds every 3 or 4 years. ; 
CULTURE OF ANNUAL SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position, 
sunny beds or borders. Sow seeds outdoors in April. Thin seedlings 
to 18in. apart. Pinch out points of shoots to make bushy plants. 
CULTURE OF C. QUINOA: Soil, ordinary. Position, open garden. 
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