ENCYCLOPHDIA OF GARDENING. 
away from trees. Sow seeds}in. deep in drills 15 in. asunder first week 
in May. ‘Thin seedlings when an inch high to 8in. apart in row. No 
liquid or artificial manures required. Lift roots in Nov. & store them 
in dry soil or sand in outhouse. Force leaves for salad by placing roots 
close together in large pots or deep box, using ordinary soil. Put pots 
or boxes in temp. 55° to 65°, & keep quite dark. Gather blanched 
leaves when three to six inches long. 
Fretp CuLture or Cuicory: Soil, deep sandy loam, following 
potatoes or wheat. Plough in 12 tons of manure per acre in autumn, 
& 5cwt. of guano in spring before sowing. Sow in May in drills 18 in. 
apact, afterwards thinning seedlings to 8in. apart. Quantity of seed 
to sow an acre, 3lb. “Harvest crop in Oct. #xerepe yield per acre, 
8 to 10 tons. Cost of cultivation: Seed, 2s. 6d. per lb.; ploughing and 
harrowing, 20s, to 30s, per acre; manures, £4 to £5 per acre; hoeing, 
£2 10s. per acre; seed & sowing per acre, 10s.; digging & washing roots, 
£2 10s.; carting roots to factory, £1 10s. Average cost per acre after 
wheat, £15; after potatoes, £11. Average value per ton, 34s. Average 
returns per acre, £17. 
CULTURE OF ENDIVE: Leaves when blanched used for salads. 
Soil, light rich. Position, open garden or on south or west borders. 
Sow seeds } in. deep in drills 4in. apart in June for early crop, July 
for maincrop, Aug. for late crop. Transplant seedlings when they 
have formed four leaves 12in. apart each way. Water freely in dry 
weather. Blanch early crop in Aug., main crop in Sept., late crop in 
Oct. by covering each plant by slate, tile, board, or inverted pot with 
drainage hole e ugged. Lift remaining plants in Nov. & store close 
together in cold frame, covering them with dry leaves to ensure blanch- 
ing. Seed two or three years old yield the dwarfest plants. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. intybus (Chicory), blue, July, 2 ft., Britain; 
endivia (endive), blue, July, 2 ft., Orient. Introduced 1548. 
Cimicifuga (Snake-root ; ag pane Bugwort).—Ord, Ranuncu- 
laces. Hardy herbaceous perennials. Introduced 1737. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, moist shady borders. Plant, 
Oct., Nov., or March Propagate by seeds sown 1-16 in. deep in light 
soil in cold frame in Sept. ; civision of roots in March. 
SPECIES OULTIVATED: ©. americana, white, Aug., 3 ft., N. America; cordi- 
folia, white, July, 3 ft., N. America; davurica, white, July, 4 ft., China; elata, 
white, July, 3 ft., N. America; foetida, white, July, 2 ft., Europe; racemosa, 
white, Aug., 3 ft., N. America. 
Cincinalis.—See Nothochlena. 
Cineraria.—See Senecio. 
Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamomea).—See Osmunda. 
Cinnamon Root (Inula Conyza).—See Inula. 
Cinnamon Rose (Rosa cinnamomea).—See Rosa. 
Cinque-foil.—See Potentilla. 
Cirrhopetalum (Medusa’s Head Orchid).—Ord. Orchidacee. 
Stove epiphytal evergreen orchids. First introduced 1839. 
CULTUR : Compost, equal parts fibrous peat & sphagnum. Posi- 
tion, well-drained pots, baskets, or blocks of wood, in partial shade. 
Pot, March. Water freely when plants are proving: moderately other 
times. Temp., Cet. to March 55° to 65°; March to Oct. 65° ‘to 75°. 
Propagate by division of pseudo-bulbs in March. Resting period, win- 
ter. Flowers appear at base of pseudo-bulb of previous year’s growth 
after reeling period. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: O. Oollettii, pps yellow, April, 8 in., Burma; 
amesianum, yellow and purple, June, 6 in., Trop. Asia; Oummingii, red and purple, 
