ENCYCLOP4#DIA OF GARDENING. 
to ensure fertilisation. Propagate by seed (nuts) 2 in. deep in Oct. 
Harvest ripe nuts in Sept., green ones in Aug. Market ripe nuts 
in sieves of 401b.; green ones, 281b. Average yield per acre, 8 to 
10cwt. Average price per Ib., 6d. to 10d. Average returns per acre, 
£20 to £30. Average rental value of nut plantation, £6 te £7. 
SPEOIES: C. avellana (Common Hazel), Europe (Britain); avellana aurea, golden 
leaved; maxima atropurpurea, purple-leaved, 8. Europe; colurna (Constantinople 
Nut), 8.E. Europe. 
VARIETIES: Kentish Cob or Lambert’s Filbert, nuts large a good market kind; 
Cosford, nuts round, shells thin, free bearer; Webb’s Prize Ceb, large, good market 
sort; Prolific Frizzled Filbert, free bearer, ripens early. 
Corypha.—See Livistonia. 
Cos Lettuce.—See Lactuca. 
Cosmos (Purple Mexican Aster).—Ord. Composite. Half-hardy 
annuals. First introduced 1799. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, warm, dryish border. Propa- 
gate by seeds sown in light soil in temp. of 65° to 70° in March, trans- 
planting seedlings outdoors 3 to 4 ft. apart in May. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: C. bipinnatus, various colours, Aug., 3 ft.; Mexico; 
diversifolius, lilac, Sept., 3 ft., N. America; diversifolius atrosanguineus, a superior 
variety; hybridus, various colours, Sept., hybrids. 
Costmary.—See Tanacetum. 
Cotoneaster (Quince-leaved Medlar; Rose Box)—Ord. Rosa- 
ae Hardy evergreen & deciduous shrubs, bearing scarlet fruits in 
winter. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, shrubberies, open, or in shade, 
trailing species against walls or growing over tree roots & rocks, or 
bare ground under trees. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by seeds sown 
lin, deep outdoors in March; cuttings inserted in sandy soil outdoors 
in Oct.; layering shoots in Oct.; grafting on common species, quince, 
or hawthorn in March. 
EVERGREEN SPECIES: O. buxifolia (Syn. repens), white, April, 3 ft., Hima- 
layas; horizontalis, rose, April, 2 ft., Himalayas; microphylla, white, April, 5 ft., 
Himalayas; microphylla glacialis (Syn. congesta); pannosa, white, April, 6 ft., 
Yunnan; thymifolia, white, April, 1 ft., Himalayas; uniflora, white, May, Siberia. 
DECIDUOUS SPECIES: C. affinis, pink, April, 4 ft., Himalayas; frigida, white, 
April, 10 ft., Himalayas; Nummularia, white, April, 10 ft., Europe; integerrima 
(Syn. vulgaris), pink, May, 10 ft., Europe; Simonsii, white, April, 6 ft., Himalayas. 
Cotton-plant ((Gossypium herbaceum).—See Gossypium. 
Cotton Thistle (Onopordon acanthium).—See Onopordon. 
Cotton-wood (Populus deltoides).—See Populus. 
Cotyledon.—Ord. Crassulacex. Greenhouse & hardy evergreen 
succulent-leaved plants. Natives of Mexico, except when otherwise 
mentioned. 
CULTURE OF GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost, two parts loam, 
one Pe. sand & fine brick rubbish. Position, pots well drained, close 
to glass in window or greenhouse. Repot, March or April. Water 
freely March to Sept., very little afterwards. Temp., Sept to March 
50° to 55°; March to Sept. 60° to 70°. Can also be grown outdoors in 
beds, June to Sept. 
CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES: Grow in ordinary soil on sunny 
rockeries, or as edgings to beds. Plant in May. Lift and plant in 
boxes in a cold frame in Oct. Propagate by seeds sown on surface of 
above soil in well-drained pan or Boe in temp. 55° to 65° in March; 
cuttings of leaves with base inserted in well-drained pots of sandy soil 
in Aug., Sept., or Oct. in temp. 55° to 60°. Do not water leaves or cut- 
tings until they begin to shrivel. 
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