HNCYCLOPZDIA OF GARDENING. 
CULTURE: Soil, deep rich light loam. Position, well-drained sunny 
borders or rockeries. Plant, Oct., Nov., or March. Propagate by 
seeds sown 4 in. deep in boxes of light soil in temp. 50° to 55° in March, 
or a in sunny position in April; division of roots in Oct., March, 
or April. 
SPEOIES OULTIVATED: E. purpurea, purplish red, Aug., 3 ft., N. America. 
Echinocactus (Hedge-hog Cactus).—Ord. Cactacew. Green- 
house succulent plants. First introduced 1796. : 
CULTURE: Oompost, two parts fibrous sandy loam, one part brick 
rubble, old mortar & sand. Position, well-drained pots in sunny green- 
‘house or window. Repot every three or four years in March. Water 
once a month Sept. to April, once a week afterwards. Temp., Sept. to 
March 50° to 55°; March to Sept. 65° to 75°. Propagate by seeds sown 
Zin. deep in well-drained pans of sandy soil in temp. 75° in March, 
keeping soil moderately moist; cuttings of stems inserted in small pots 
of sandy soil kept barely moist in summer; grafting on common kinds 
in April. 
SPHOTES OULTIVATED: E. brevihamatus, pink and rose, summer, 4 to 6 in., 
New Mexico; centeterius, yellow, summer, 6 in., Mexico; cinnabarinus, red, sum- 
mer, 4 in., Bolivia; concinnus, yellow, summer, 4 in., Mexico; coptonogonus, white 
and purple, May, 4 in., Mexico; cornigerus, purple, summer, Mexico; corynodes, 
yellow, summer, 4 in., Argentina; crispatus, purple, summer, 8 in.; Cummingii, 
yellow, summer, Bolivia; cylindraceus, yellow, summer, 4 ft., Colorado; Emoryi, 
yellow and red, autumn, Colorado; gibbosus, white, June, 4 in., Mexico; Grusonii, 
red and yellow, summer, 6 in., Mexico; leeanus, white and rose, May, Argentina; 
multiflorus, white, summer, 5 in.,, Mexico; scopa, yellow, spring, 12 to 18 in., 
Brazil; scopa crista, stem fasciated; Simpsoni, purple, summer, 4 in., Mexico, 
a very hardy species. May be grown outdoors in 8. of England. ; . 
Echinops (Globe Thistle)—Ord. Composite. Hardy biennials 
and perennials. First introduced 1570. 
CULTURE: Soil, crdinary. Position, well-drained sunny borders. 
Plant, Oct., Nov. or March. Propagate by seeds sown jin. deep in 
sunny position outdoors in April; division of roots in Oct., Nov. or 
arch, 
BIENNIAL SPECIES: E. bannaticus (Syn. E. ruthenicus), violet-blue, summer, 
2 to 3 ft., Hungary. 
PERENNIAL SPECIES: E. Ritro, blue, summer, 3 ft., 8. Europe; spheero- 
cephalus, pale blue, summer, 3 to 4 ft., Europe. 
Echinopsis ergo hog Cactus).—Ord. Cactacemw. Greenhouse 
succulent plants. irst introduced 1835. 
CULTURE: Compost, two parts fibrous sandy loam, one part brick 
rubble, old mortar & sand. Position, well-drained pots in sunny green- 
house or window. Repot every three or four years in March. Water 
once a month Sept. to April, once a week afterwards. ea He Sept. 
to March 50° to 55°; March to Sept. 65° to 75°. Propagate Ag 
sown 4 in. deep in well-drained pans of sandy soil in temp. 75° in March, 
keeping soil moderately moist; cuttings of stems inserted in small pots 
of sani y soil, kept barely moist in summer; grafting on common kinds 
in April. 
SPROTES OULTIVATED: E. campylacantha, rose, summer, 1 ft., Ohili; cristata, 
oreamy white, summer, 1 ft., Bolivia; decaisneana, white and yellow, July, 1 ft.; 
Eyriesii, white, fragrant, July, 4 to 6 in., Mexico; Eyriesii flore-pleno, double; 
oxygonus, rose, summer, 6 in., Brazil; Pentlandii, white and red, July, 6 in., 
Mexico; tubiflorus, white, summer, 4 in., Mexico. = 
Echites.—Ord. Apocynacew. Stove evergreen flowering & climb- 
ing shrubs. First introduced 1823. 
CULTURE: Compost, rough fibry peat & one-fourth silver sand. 
Position, well-drained pots, with shoots trained to roof of stove or to 
wire trellis. Pot, Feb. or March. Prune, Oct., cutting away shoots 
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