ENCYCLOPHADIA OF GARDENING. 
ANNUAL SPECIES: I. 
amara hesperidifolia, 
mer, 1 ft.; umbellat: 
several varieties. 
SHRUBBY SPECIES: I. correfolia, white, May and June, 1 ft., hybrid; gib- 
raltarica, white or pink, May, 1 to 2 ft., Spain; Pruitii, white, May, 6 in., Sicily; 
saxatilis (Rock Candytuft), white, spring, 3 to 6 in., S. Europe; semperflorens, 
white, spring, 1 to 2 ft., 8. Europe; sempervirens (Evergreen Candytnft), white, 
spring, 9 to 12 in., 8S. Europe; sempervirens flore-pleno, double flowered. 
iceland Poppy (Papaver nudicaule).—See Papaver. 
Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)—See Mesem- 
bryanthemum. 
Idesia.—Ord. Bixinew. Hardy flowering & orn. foliage tree. 
Deciduous. Flowers in panicles; male & female borne on separate 
trees; male flowers orange, female green. Berries, small, purplish 
black. Leaves, heart-shaped. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary, sandy. Position, well-drained shrub- 
beries. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Prune into shape after flowering. Pro- 
pagate by seeds sown 4 in. deep in sandy soil in temp. 65° to 75° in 
March; cuttings of firm shoots, 3 to 4in. long, inserted in well-drained 
pots of sandy soil under bell-glass in temp. 65° to 75° in March or Sept. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: I. polyoarpa, 10 to 15 ft., Japan. 
ilex (Holly; Paraguay Tea)—Ord. Aquifoliacee. Hardy & green- 
house evergreen shrubs. Orn. foliage. Flowers, greenish; May & 
June; male & female flowers usually borne on separate trees. Berries, 
red; autumn & winter. Leaves, dark green or variegated with white 
or yellow. Timber, white, used for cabinet making and turnery pur- 
poses. Value, Is. to 1s. 6d. per cubic foot. Bark used for making bird 
lime. Wood sometimes dyed black, and used as a substitute for ebony. 
Average weight of wood per cubic foot, 4731b. One bushel of seeds 
will yield 17,000 plants. 
CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position, well- 
drained shrubberies, banks, exposed slopes, etc., or near the sea, Plant, 
May or Sept. Prune, Sept, to April. 
HEDGE CULTURE: Soil, ordinary, trenched two spits deep & 3 ft. 
wide. Plant hollies (18 in. high), 18 in. apart, May or Sept. Trim into 
shape April and Sept. One holly & six thorns; or one Berberis Dar- 
winii & two hollies per lineal yard make splendid evergreen hedges. 
Cost per lineal yard for plants & planting, 1s. 6d. to 2s. 
POL CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, window boxes, cold corri- 
dors, balconies, & greenhouses. Pot, Sept. Water freely March to 
Oct., moderately afterwards. Heat unnecessary. 
CULTURE OF GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Soil, two parts loam, one 
part peat & sand. Position, well-drained pots exposed to full light. 
Pot, March. Prune, Feb- Water freely in summer, occasionally other 
times. Temp., March to Oct. 55° to 65°; Oct. to March 45° to 50°. 
Propagate common species by seed (berries) gathered in Nov., buried 
in sand until following Oct., then sown 1 in, deep & 1 in, apart in 
ordinary soil outdoors, transplanting seedlings when two years old; 
variegated kinds by budding on common species in Aug.; grafting in 
Men eiuai SPECIES: I. cassine, red berries, S. U. States; insignis, 15 to 
20 ft., Malaya; paraguayensis (Paraguay Tea), 10 to 15 ft., Paraguay. 
HARDY SPECIES: Aquifolium (Common Holly), 10 to 30 ft., berries red, Europe 
(Britain); cornuta, berries red, 20 to 30 ft., China; crenata, 10 to 15 ft., Japan; 
dipyrena, brown berries, 15 ft., Himalayas; glabra (Ink-berry), 2 to 3 ft., 
U, States; latifolia, large-leaved, 20 a aa opaca, 20 to 40 ft., U. States. 
amara (Bitter Candytuft), white, summer, 6 in., Britain; 
larger flowered; coronaria (Rocket Candytuft), white, sum- 
a (Common Candytuft), purple, summer, 1 ft., 8. Europe; 
