ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. virginiana, purple or flesh, June to Sept., 1 to 4 ft., 
N. America, 
Phyteuma (Horned Rampion).—Ord. Campanulacer. Hardy 
perennial herbs. i . 
CULTURE: Soil, deep rich loam mixed with limestone grit & old 
mortar & leaf-mould or peat. Position, sunny rockeries for dwarf 
species; sunny borders for tall kinds. Plant, March or April. Lift, 
idivide, & replant only when overgrown. Top-dress dwarf species with 
a mixture of peat, leaf-mould, lime, & a little old mortar annually in 
Feb. or March. Water freely in dry weather. Propagate by seeds 
sown in light sandy soil in shallow boxes in cold frame, Sept. or Oct. ; 
transplanting seedlings in permanent positions, April or May; divi- 
sion of plants in March or April. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. orbiculare (Horned Rampion), blue, July, 6 to 12 in., 
Europe (Britain); Michelii, blue, summer, 1 to 2 ft., Europe; Sieberi, blue, 
summer, 6 to 8 in., Europe. 
Phytolacca et ee ae Poke; Red-ink Plant; Pigeon-berry).— 
Ord. Phytolaccacez. Hardy herbaceous perennials. First introduced 
1768. Flowers succeeded by deep purple berries in autumn. Leaves, 
broad, ovate, dark green, changing to rich purple in autumn. 
CULTURE: Soil, good ordinary. Position, sunny or shady borders 
in woodlands, banks, or ferneries. Plant, Oct., Nov., March, or April. 
Propagate by seed sown fin. deep in sandy soil outdoors in spring or 
autumn; division of plants in Oct. or March. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. acinosa (Indian Poke), white, summer, 5 ft., Hima- 
layas; decandra (Virginian Poke), white, summer, 5 ft., N. America, 
Picea (Norway Spruce; Black Spruce).—Ord. Conifere. _ Hardy 
evergreen trees. Orn. foliage. Leaves, needle-shaped, spirally scat- 
tered. Cones, erect, cylindrical, thin-scaled. Timber, white, soft, fine- 
grained, used for sleepers, pit wood, headings for barrels, packing 
cases, etc. Average price per cubic foot, 6d. to 9d. Trees matured 
for felling at 80 years of age. 
CULTURE: Soil, deep rich sandy loam. Position, high, dry, open 
lawns or shrubberies away from sea coast; Norway Spruce as a shelter 
hedge for fruit plantations, or as nurses to larch and forest trees. 
Plant, Oct. to April. No pruning required. Propagate by seeds 
sown tin. deep in sandy loam in temp. of 55° in March, or outdoors 
in April; cuttings inserted in sandy soil in cold frame or in pots 
under bell-glass or hand-ligkt outdoors, Aug. or Sept.; layering shoots 
or branches in autumu; inarching or grafting in March. Quantity of 
seeds to sow bed 100 ft. square, 340z, Average price of seedlings, 3s. 
*.PEOIES CULTIVATED: P 
SPECIES C ED: P. ajanensis, 70 to ey ; : i 
alba and canadensis), 40 ft., NE. ne aeostinae oa Par Ferre 
Engelmannii, 80 to 100 ft., British Columbia; excelsa (Syn. Abies excelsa), Nor- 
way Spruce Fir, 80 to 100 ft., N. Europe; morinda (Syn. Abies smithiana), 80 to 
100 ft., Himalayas; nigra (Black Spruce), 50 to 70 ft., N.E. America; orientalis) 
(Syn. Abies orientalis), Caucasus; pungens (Syn. Abies Menziesii 
70 to 80 ft., California. : . (Sy es Menziesii), Blue Spruce, 
Pickerel-weed (Pontedeira cordata).—See Pontedeira. 
Picotee (Dianthus caryophyllus).—See Dianthus. 
Piedmont Garlic (Allium pedemontana).—See Allium. 
Piedmont Primrose (Primula pedemontana).—See Primula, 
Pieris.—Ord. Ericacew. Hardy evergreen flowering shrubs. 
First introduced 1736. 
OUTDOOR CULTURE; Soil, equal parts peat, leaf-mould, or silver 
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