ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
Pinus (Fir; Deal; Pine Tree).—Ord. Conifera. Hardy orn.- 
leaved trees. Evergreen. Habit, free and picturesque. Leaves, 
needle-like, two to five in a whor!. Cones, conical and erect. 
CULTURE: Soil and position, P. austriaca, laricio, montana, & 
Pinaster suitable for seaside gardens & ordinary soil: P. austriaca 
a good town tree; P. austriaca, cembra, excelsa, Laricio, Pinaster, 
strobus, & sylvestris suitable for chalky soils; P. austriaca, halepensis, 
laricio, Pinaster, pumilo, & sylvestris adapted for gravelly or sandy 
soils; others in good ordinary soil; P. austriaca good shelter tree. 
P. sylvestris will grown in the poorest soils, and on rocky slopes. 
Plant, Sept. to Nov. For shelter purposes plant 10 to 15 ft. apart. 
Propagate by seeds sown din, deep in pots filled with sandy loam, 
placed in cold greenhouse or frame in April, transplanting seedlings 
outdoors following spring; or din. deep outdoors in April in bed of 
moist sandy soil, transplanting seedlings the next year; grafting on 
common species in April. 
USEFUL FACTS: Average age, 200 years. Timber reaches 
maturity at 80 years. Average price per cubic foot, 6d. to 8d. 
Weight per cubic ft., 30lb. Number of cubic ft. per ton, 74. 
Average price of trees: Two-year old, 3s. 6d.; three-year old, 4s. to 
5s.; four-year-old, 8s. to 10s. per 1,000. Timber, close-grained and 
resinous, used in young state for props, staves, etc.; when matured 
for deal flooring, ete. Seeds ripe in Nov. Number of seeds per 
pound, 70,000. One pound of seed will yield 8,000 plants. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: P. bungeana (Lace Bark Pine), 70 ft., N. China; 
cembra (Stone Pine), 100 to 150 ft., Central Europe; Coulteri, 50 to 70 ft., Cali- 
fornia; excelsa (Bhotan Pine), 100 to 150 ft., Himalayas; halepensis (Jerusalem 
Pine), 50 ft., Mediterranean Region; insignis (Monterey Pine), 80 to 100 ft., 
California; Laricio (Corsican Pine), 100 to 150 ft., S. Europe; Laricio nigricans 
(Syn. P. austriaca), Black Pine, 70 to 100 ft., N. Europe; pinaster (Cluster Pine), 
GO to 80 ft., Mediterranean Region; pinea (The Umbrella Pine), 40 to 60 ft., Medi- 
terranean Region; ponderosa, 100 to 150 ft., British Columbia ; strotus (Weymouth 
(aritsiny. to 150 ft., N. America; sylvestris (Scots Pine), 50 to 100 ft., N. Europe 
Pinxter-flower (Rhododendron nudiflora)—See Rhododendron. 
Piper (Pepper Plant).—Piperacew. Stove & greenhouse cver- 
green shrubs. Orn. foliage. Jirst introduced 1748. Leaves, large, 
‘green, or purple, marbled or blotched with white or bronze. 
CULTURE OF STOVE SPECIES: Compost, two parts loam, one 
part leaf-mould, half a part sand. Position, well-drained pots in 
shade. Pot, Feb. to April. Prune slightly into shape, Feb. Water 
freely, April to Oct.. moderately afterwards. Syringe twice daily, 
April to Sept.; once daily afterwards. Temp., March to Oct. 75° to 
85°; Oct. to March 55° to 65°. 
CULTURE OF GREENHOUSE SPECIES: Compost as for stove 
species. Position, well-drained pots in partial shade. Pot, March 
or April. Water moderately, Oct. to aa ie freely afterwards. 
Temp. March to Oct. 55° to 65°; Oct. to March 50° to 55°. Pro- 
pagate by cuttings of half-ripened shoots inserted in small pots of 
sandy soil under bell-glass in temp. of 63° to 75°, March to July. 
STOVE SPECIES: P. Betle (Betle Pepper), green, climber, India; nigrum (Black 
Pepper), green, 4 to 6 ft., India. ; 
GREENHOUSE SPECIES: P. excelsum aureo-pictum, leaves green and creamy 
white, 4 to 6 {t., Australia. 
Pipe-tree (Syr‘nga vulgaris).—See Syringa. 
Pipe Vine (Aristolochia Sipho).—See Aristolochia. 
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