ENCYCLOPHDIA OF GARDENING. 
standard trees, 32s. 6d.; dwarf trees, 7s. 6d.; total cost, £20 tc £22, 
Cost of cultivation: Pruning per acre, 20s.; annual manuring, #s% 
gathering fruit, £7. Average yield per acre: 6 tons; average return 
(gross), £60; ditto (net), £45. Manures: Superphosphate, 3 cwt., and 
kainit, 1Lcwt. per acre, applied after pruning; nitrate of soda, lewt., 
applied when fruit has set; or 20 tons of farmyard manure per acre 
applied in winter. 
CULTURE OF PEARS: Soil, deep rich loam; clay soil unsuitable. 
Position, S., W. or E. walls, fences, or arches, for cordons, fan, or 
espalier-trained trees; open sheltered garden for pyramids or bushes; 
N. walls for early sorts. Plant, Nov. to Feb. Cultural details, 
except chemical manures & stocks, as advised for the apple. Chemical 
manures: Kainit, 4 parts (by weight); superphosphate, 1 part. Apply 
at rate of 41bs. per tree in Feb. or March. Apply also nitrate of 
soda at the rate of }0z. per gallon of water in liberal quantities once 
a week, July to Sept. Stocks: Common Pear for standards; quince 
for pyramids, bushes, & cordons. 
Market anp OrcHarp CuttuRE: Soil, light loam over clay 
soil. Position and other details as advised for apples. Average yield 
er acre, 5 tons; average return (gross), £50; ditto (net), £35. 
anures: Bonemeal, 3cwt., & kainif, 1}. cwt. per acre applied after 
pruning; nitrate of soda, 24cwt., when fruit Vas set; or 20 tons of 
farmyard manure in winter. Propagate as advised for the apple. 
CULTURE OF MEDLAN: Soil, light, moist loam. Position, shel- 
tered garden or orchards; or grown as espaliers on walls or fences. 
Plant in autumn. Prune espaliers as advised for apples. Gather 
fruit in Nov. after one or two sharp frosts. Store in any light, warm 
place till semi-rotten, then eat. Fruit makes excellent jelly. Pro- 
pagate by seeds sown in light soil in gentle heat as soon as fruit is 
Tne budding in July or grafting in April, on Quince or Hawthorn 
stocks. 
CULTURE OF QUINCE: Soil, light, rich moist loam. Position, as 
standards in orchards or low-lying gardens, margins of water. May 
also be grown fan-trained against walls. Plant in autumn. Prune 
as advised for apples and pears. Gather fruit in November. Store 
away from other fruits. Makes a nice jelly. Propagate by seeds 
sown outdoors when ripe; budding in July, or grafting in March on 
seedling Quinces, Pears, or Whitethorn; layering in summer. 
CULTURE OF FLOWERING SPECIES: Hardy deciduous trees and 
shrubs. Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny borders or shrubberies for 
tall species; S., S.W., or W. walls for P. Maulei. Fruit of latter 
species edible. Plant, Nov. to Feb. Prune, Dec. to Feb., shorten 
ing previous year’s side shoots of P. spectabilis to within 2in. of 
base, leading shoots to 6, 8, or ]2in. Other species require no 
pruning beyond thinning out branches. Propagate by seeds sown 
3 in. deep in sandy soil in sunny position outdoors in March; cuttings of 
shoots 8 to 12in. long inserted in ordinary soil outdoors in autumn; 
layering in autumn; budding on common pear or quince in July ; 
grafting in March. 
CULTURE OF MISCELLANEOUS SPECIES: Hardy deciduous 
trees & shrubs. Orn. foliage; also berry and fruit-bearing. Soil, 
ordinary. Position, sunny shrubberies or woodlands. Plant, Nov. 
to Feb. Prune, Dec. to Feb., simply tninning out branches. Pro- 
pagate P. aucuparia by seeds sown $in. deep, & lin. apart in ordinary 
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