ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
open, well-drained shrubberies, fields, & woods. Q. Ilex & Q. Cerris 
well adapted for planting near the sea. Plant evergreen kinds, Sept. 
to Nov., or April; deciduous ones, Oct, to Feb. Depth for planting 
in heavy soils, 6in.; light soils, 9in. Distance apart for deciduous 
oaks, 20 to 25ft.; evergreen oaks, used for shelter, 6 to 10 ft.; for 
hedges, 4 to 6ft. Prune deciduous oaks in Dec.; evergreen kinds in 
April. Propagate by acorns gathered in autumn, stored in sand until 
March, then sown 2in. deep & 3in. apart each way. Transplant when 
one year old 12in. apart each way, & plant in permanent position when 
three or four years old. Also choice kinds by grafting in March on 
common oak, 
USEFUL DATA: Average age of oak tree, 2,000 years. Average dia- 
meter of largest trees, 180 ft. Supposed oldest oak in England, the 
Cowthorpe; its assumed age 1,800 years. Timber used for building, 
cabinet work, cartwheel spokes, fencing, barge building, etc.; very 
durable. Average value per cubic foot, 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. Weight of 
oak per cubic ft., 531b. Number of cubic ft, per ton, 42. One bushel 
of acorns will yield 7,000 trees. Avoid oak trees during thunderstorms. 
Average price of oak bark per ton, £4 10s. Average cost of felling and 
harvesting bark per ton, £110s. Average profit per ton, £2. Average 
number of cubic ft. of bark per ton, 150. Average prices for seedling 
trees: One-year old, 10s. to 12s.; two-year old, 18s. to 20s.; older, 25s. 
to 30s. per 1,000. Average cost of felling oak trees, 3s. per ton (42 
cubic ft.). 
EVERGREEN SPECIES: Q. Ilex (Evergreen Holm or Holly Oak), 60 ft., Medi- 
terranean Region; suber (Cork Oak), 25 ft., S. Europe. 
DECIDUOUS SPECIES: Q. Cerris (Turkey Oak), 50 to 70 ft., S. Europe, and its 
varietics fulhamensis, laciniata and variegata; coccinea (Scarlet Oak), 50 to 70 ft., 
N. America; macrocarpa (Burr Oak), 30 to 40 ft., N. America; Mirbeckii, 50 to 
70 ft., Spain, and N. Africa; pedunculata (Syn. Q. Robus), the Common Oak, 100 to 
120 ft., Europe (Britain), Asia; and its varieties fastigiata (Cypress Oak), filicifolia 
(Fern-leaved Oak), and pendula (Weeping Oak); rubra (Red Oak), 50 to €0 ft.; 
sessiliflora, 100 to 120 ft., Europe (Britain) and Asia. 
Quick (Crategus oxyacantha)—See Crategus. 
Quick-set Thern (Crategus oxyacantha).—Xee Crategus. 
Quince-tree (Pyrus cydonia).—See Pyrus. 
Quinoa.—See Chenopodium. 
Quisqualis (Rangoon Creeper). — Ord. Combretacee. Stove 
climbing flowering shrub. Deciduous. First introduced 1815. 
CULTURE: Compost, two parts loam, one part peat, & a little sand. 
Position, well-drained pot or tub, or in a bed with shoots trained up 
rafters. Pot, Feb. Prune shoots moderately close after flowering. 
-Water freely, April to Oct.; keep nearly dry remainder of year. 
Syringe daily, April to Sept. Shade from mid-day sun only. Propa- 
gate by cuttings of young shoots taken off with a small portion of old 
stem attached, & inserted in sandy soil in small pots under a bell-glass 
in a temp. of 75° to 85° in spring. 
" ese CULTIVATED: Q. indica, orange-red, fragrant, summer, 10 to 15 ft., 
att . 
Rabbit-berry (Shepherdia argentea).—See Shepherdia. 
Radish (Raphanus sativus).—See Raphanus. 
Rzeginer’s Ivy (Hedera helix regneriana).—Sce Hedera. 
Ramondia (Rosette Mullein).—Ord. Gesneracem. Hardy herba- 
ceous perennial. Flowering. YVirst introduced 1731. 
OUTDOOR CULTURE: Two parts sandy peat, one part leaf-mould. 
Position, fisures or recesses of moist, well-drained shady rockeries, or 
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