ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
ans of water in cool frame or greenhouse. Pot, Feb. or March. 
Plant in March. Water freely outdoors in dry weather, also at all 
times when grown in pots. Repot annually. Propagate by seeds sown 
as soon as ripe in autumn 1-16 in, deep in boxes or pans filled with equal 
arts loam, leaf-mould, & sand, & placed in a cold frame or cool green- 
ouse; herbaceous kinds by division in Oct. or March. : 
TENDER SPECIES: R. cortusefolius, yellow, spring, 3 ft., Canaries. 
TUBEROUS-ROOTED SPECIES: R. asiaticus (Turban, Persian, French, Dutch, 
and Scotch Ranununculus), various colours, summer, 6 to 12 in., Orient. an 
HARDY SPECIES: R. aconitifolius, white, May, 12 to 18 in., Europe; aconiti- 
folius flore pleno (Fair Maids of France), double; acris flore pleno (Double Butter- 
cup or Bachelor’s Buttons), yellow, spring 1 to 2 ft., Europe (Britain) ; alpestris, 
white, summer, 4 in., Europe; amplexicaulis, white, May, 6 to 12 in., 8S. Europe; 
bulbous flore pleno, yellow, double, spring, 1 ft., Europe (Britain); bullatus, orange 
yellow, May, 1 ft., rather tender, Mediterranean Itegion; glacialis, white and 
rose, summer, 6 in., Arctic Regions; gramincus flore pleno, yellow, spring, 6 to 
8 in., Europe; lingua (Spearwort), yellow, summer, 3 to 4 ft., Europe (Britain); 
Lyallii (Rockwood Lily), white, spring, 2 to 3 ft., New Zealand; monspeliacue, 
yellow, spring, 1 ft., Mediterranean Region; parnassifolius, white, June, 6 in., 
Europe. 
Rape (Brassica napus).—See Brassica. 
Raphanus (Radish).—Ord. Crucifere. Hardy annual. Used 
extensively for salads. First introduced 1548. Flowers, white and 
purple; May. Roots, long, round or oval, crimson and white shades. 
OUTDOOR CULTURE OF COMMON RADISH: Soil, light, ordi- 
nary. Position, warm south border for first & last sowing; cool, 
partially shady ones for intermediate crops. Sow for first crop in 
Feb., either broadcast or in drills lin. deep and 6in. apart; succes- 
sional crops in similar manner at intervals of a month until Oct. Long- 
rooted kinds best for spring sowing; round & oval ones for summer. 
Thin when three leaves form to lin. apart. Water copiously in dry 
weather Seed required, 3 oz. for square yard, or 4 0z. for a row 50 ft. 
long. Manures: (1) $ oz. kainit, 1 0z. sulphate of ammonia, 2 0z. super- 
phosphate, 4 oz. iron sulphate to 1 gall. of water; to be applied once a 
week from time seedlings are lin. high. (2) }0z. Peruvian guano to 
1 gall. of water applied as No. 1. (3) 40z. nitrate of soda to 1 gall. 
of water applied as No. 1. (4) $1b. of native guano per square yard, 
forked in before sowing. Forcing: Make a hotbed of manure, cover 
with 4 in. of fine mould, & place a frame over it. Sow seeds thinly, 
lightly cover with mould, moisten with tepid water, & keep close until 
seedlings appear, then admit air daily. Thin early to ensure good 
roots. First sowing should be made in Dec., second in Jan., third in 
Feb., and fourth in March. Apply stimulants as advised for outdoor 
kinds. Long-rooted varieties best for forcing. Seeds germinate in 
3 to 5 days and retain vegetative powers for 5 to 10 years. Crop 
reaches maturity in 5 to 6 weeks. 
CULTURE OF SPANISH RADISH: Sow seeds in drills lin. deep 
& 6in. apart in July or Aug. Thin seedlings when lin. high to 6 in. 
apart. Water freely in dry weather, & apply stimulants as directed 
for ordinary kinds. Lift roots in Nov. & store in sand in a cool shed 
to use as required, 
CULTURE OF RAT-TAILED RADISH (R. candatus’: Nat. Java. 
Introduced 1815. Sow seeds in drills lin. deep & 6in. apart in April, 
May, or June. Thin to Gin. apart when lin. high. Gather seed pods 
when grown for pickling, mixing with salads, or cooking & eating, like 
asparagus. 
aRKET CuLturE: Soil, light rich. Plough or dig in previous 
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