ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
autumn 5 tons of stable dung and 2cwt. of kainit per acre. Before 
sowing harrow in 3cwt, of superphosphate per acre. When crop is 
half grown apply lcwt. nitrate of soda per acre. Sow in drills 1 in. 
ges and 1ft. apart in Feb, March & April for early crops; May, June 
& July for late crops. Roll light soil before sowing. Sow also on hot- 
beds in Jan. for very early crops. Long rooted kinds best for outdoor 
early crop ; turnip-rooted for later ones. Thin crops early to 2 in. 
apart. Early crops ready to gather 4 to 5 weeks after sowing; late 
ones, 6 weeks. Market in small bunches (6 to 12 roots, according to 
size and season), and sell by the dozen bunches. Average price per 
dozen bunches, 3d. to 1s. Average yield per acre,, 1,200 bunches. 
Quantity of seed to sow an acre, 4 to 5 pecks. Number of seeds in an 
ounce, 1,000. Time to germinate, 4 to 6 days. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: R. sativus (Common Radish), Europe; caudatus (Rat- 
tail Radish), Java. 
Raphiolepis (Indian Hawthorn).—Ord. Rosacee. Half-hardy 
& hardy evergreen flowering shrubs. T'irst introduced 1806. 
CULTURE: Soil, equal parts peat, loam & silver sand. Position, 8. 
& S.W. walls, well-drained borders for half-hardy species; sunny 
rockeries or sheltered borders for hardy species. Plant, Sept., Oct. 
or April. Prune straggling shoots into shape, April. Protect halt- 
hardy species in severe weather with mats or straw hurdles. 
POT CULTURE OF HALF-HARDY SPECIES: Compost, as above. 
Position, well-drained pots in cold greenhouse or pit, Sept. to May; 
sunny pte outdoors, May to Sept. Pot, Feb. or March. Water 
copiously April to Oct., moderately afterwards. No stimulants re- 
quired. Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots, 2 to 3 in. long, inserted 
in compost of equal parts sand, peat, & loam, under bell-glass or hand- 
light in cold frame, Aug. to Nov. 
HARDY SPECIES: R. japonica, white, fragrant, summer, 10 to 15 ft., Japan. 
HALF-HARDY SPECIES: R. indica (Indian Hawthorn), white, summer, 4 to 
8 ft., China. 
Raspberry (Rubus ideus).—See Rubus. 
Raspberry-Blackberry.—See Rubus. 
Rat’s-tail Cactus (Cereus flagelliformis).—See Cereus. 
Rat-tailed Radish (Raphanus caudatus).—See Raphanus. 
Rattle-root (Cimicifuga racemosa).—See Cimicifuga. 
Rattie-snake Fern (Botrychium virginianum).—See Botry- 
chium. 
Rattle-snake Plant (Goodyera pubescens).—See Goodyera. 
Ravenala (Traveller's Tree).—Ord. Scitaminacez. Stove ever- 
green perennials. Orn. foliage. Leaves, very large, green. 
CULTURE: Compost, two parts good loam, one part well-decayed 
manure, & one part sand. Position, pots, tubs, or beds in lofty sunny 
stove. Pof or plant, Jan. to April, Water copiously Feb. to Oct, 
about once fortnightly afterwards. Syringe twice daily Feb. to Sept., 
once daily Sept, to Feb. Moist atmosphere essential. Apply stimu- 
lants twice or three times weekly, March to Oct. Temp., March to 
Oct. 70° to 85°; Oct. to March 60° to 70. Propagate by suckers removed 
from parent plank & placed in pots in temp. 75° to 85° any time of year. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: R. guianensis, 10 to 15 ft., S. America; madagascarensis 
(Traveller’s Tree), 10 to 15 ft., Madagascar. 
Ravenea.—Ord. Paimacee. Stove palm. Orn. foliage. Leaves, 
feather-shaped, green. First introduced 1878, 
CULTURE: Compost, equal parts peat, loam, leaf-mould & sand. 
Position, shady, moist. Pot, Feb. suena, Water abundantly March: 
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