ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
Feb. or March. Water Sa ie ae to Oct.; moderately afterwards. 
Apply stimulants occasionally May to Sept. Keep piece of sulphate 
of iron on surface of soil to insure deep green foliage. Syringe twice 
daily April to Sept., once daily afterwards. ig March to Sept. 
70° to 85°; Sept. to March 55° to 65°. Propagate by seeds sown 1in. 
deep in light sandy soil in well-drained pot in temp. 75° under bell-glass 
or in propagator, March or April. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: R. Baueri (Syn. Areca Baueri), 10 to 20 ft., Norfolk 
Island; sapida (Syn. Areca or Kentia sapida), 10 to 20 ft., New Zealand. 
Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum).—See Rheum. 
Rhus (Sumach; Smoke Plant; Wig Tree; Stag’s-horn Sumach).— 
Ord. Anacardiacee. Hardy deciduous trees. Flowering & orn. foliage. 
Foliage nicely tinted in autumn, First introduced 1629. Leaves, 
entire, or once divided, green. 5 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny borders or shrubberies. 
Plant, Oct. to Feb. Prune flowering species moderately after bloom- 
ing; others in Nov. or Dec. Propagate by cuttings of firm shoots, 
6 to Sin. long, inserted in ordinary soil in cold frame or under hand- 
light, Oct. to Nov.; cuttings of roots, 2 to 3in. long, planted 3 in. deep 
in sandy soil, Oct. or Nov.; layering shoots in autwmn, 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: R. canadensis, yellow, April, 6 to 8 ft., N. America; 
eotinoides (American Smoke Tree), yellow, April, 6 to 8 ft., leaves assume rich 
tints in autumn, S.U. States; cotinus (Smoke Plant, or Wig Tree, or Venetian 
Sumach), purple, June, 6 ft., inflorescence and foliage richly tinted in autumn, 
Europe; cotinus atropurpurea, foliage purplish; glabra (Smooth Sumach), yellow, 
June, 10 to 15 ft., U. States; glabra laciniata, leaves finely cut, scarlet tinted in 
autumn; typhina (Stag’s-horn Sumach), yellow, June, 10 to 20 ft., U. States. 
Rhyncospermum.—See Trachelospermum. 
Ribbon-fern (Pteris serrulata).—See Pteris. 
Ribbon-grass (Phalaris arundinacea variegata).—See Phalaris. 
Ribes (White, Red & Black Currant; Gooseberry)—Ord. Saxifra- 
gacee, Hardy deciduous fruit-bearing & flowering shrubs. Berries, 
black, red, white. 
CULTURE OF BLACK CURRANT (R. nigrum): Soil, good ordinary. 
Position, sunny. Plant, 5 ft. apart each way, Nov. to Feb. Prune, Nov, 
to Feb., thinning out old shoots only. Fruit borne on shoots of pre- 
vious growth & on older ones. 
CULTURE OF RED AND WHITE CURRANT: R. rubrum & R.r. 
album). Soil, good ordinary. Position, sunny for early crops; against 
N. walls or fences for late ones. Plant, Nov. to Feb., 5 to 6 ft. apart 
each way. Pruning: Allow as many current year's shoots as are re- 
quired to form branches to remain, & shorten remainder to within 1 in. 
of their base in June or July. Shorteu the selected shoots to 4, 6, or 
8in., according to shape of tree, between Nov. & Feb. Cut out old 
or distorted branches at same time. Keep centres of trees well open. 
Fruit borne on base of previous years & older shoots only. 
CULTURE OF GOOSEBERRY (R. grossularia): Soil, good ordinary. 
Position, sunny for early crops; against N. or E. walls for late crops. 
Plant, Nov. to Feb., 5 to 6 ft. apart each way. Pruning: Shorten all 
weak shoots of current year’s growth to within lin. of base in June 
or July. Thin out remaining shoots in winter; shortening those left 
to ae 6 in. Shorten side shoots of trees grown against walls to 1 in. 
in July. 
MANURES FOR CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES: (1) Decayed 
cow, horse, or pig dung applied liberally in antumn, & aed lightly 
into surface of ground. (2) 1}0z. each of superphosphate of lime & 
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