ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
moderately heavy; light soils not suitable. Position, damp, near mar- 
gins of ponds, etc., for all species. Plant, Oct. to March. Prune, 
Nov. to Feb. 
OSIER CULTURE: Soil, alluvial or sandy. Position, moist, low- 
lying land or margins of water. Trench soil deeply & add 30 tons of 
manure per acre. Plant cuttings 18 in. long, 15 in. apart in rows 18 in. 
asunder in Oct. Insert cuttings slantwise & 1ft. deep. Number of 
cuttings to plant an acre, 23,000. Cut shoots for first time three years 
after planting. Time to cut, spring. Tie in bundles & immerse 
upright in water till bark readily peels off. Market peeled osiers in 
bundles of 501b. each. Average price, 4d. to 5d. per lb. Average 
yield per acre, 1,800 to 2,0001b. Soil should be cultivated annually 
between plants, & give a dressing of 10 to 15 tons of manure per acre. 
Osiers of one year’s growth used for making hampers & baskets; those 
of two year’s growth for ribs of hampers; older wood for butter kegs. 
TIMBER CULTURE: 8. Caprea (Goat Willow) suitable for damp 
coppices, its wood being valuable for hoops, poles, crates, etc. 9%. alba 
(White or Huntingdon Willow) also suitable for damp soils, coppices, 
etc. Branches used for making scythe & rake handles; timber for 
lining carts & barrows. Wood of the Bat Willow (Salix alba cerulea) 
used for making cricket bats. Plant in autumn. Time to pollard 
willows, Feb. Average value of willow timber, per cubic ft., 1s. to 5s. 
Weight of timber, cubic ft., 33lbs. Number of cubic teet per ton, 68. 
Propagate by cuttings of shoots or stems of any age or size, inserted in 
moist soil, Oct. to March; choice kinds by budding on the Goat 
Willow (S. caprea) in July, bandaging the bud with damp moss, or by 
grafting on a similar stock in March. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: S. alba (White or Huntingdon Willow), 50 to 60 ft., 
Europe, Asia, and N. Africa; alba argentea, silvery foliage; alba cerulea (Bat 
Willow), kind used for cricket bat making; alba vitellina (Syn. 8. vitellina), 
shoots yellow and red; alba vitellina pendula, weeping variety; babylonica 
(Weeping Willow), 30 ft., Japan; Pee ee Willow), 15 to 20 ft., Europe 
(Britain); Caprea pendula (Kilmarnock Willow); fragalis (Crack Willow), 60 to 
70 ft., shoots, yellow~and brown, Europe and N. Asia; fragalis blashfordiana, shoots 
orange-red; lanata, 8 to 10 ft., N. Europe; phylicifolia (Tea-leaved Willow), 8 to 
10 ft., N. Europe; purpurea (Purple Osier), shoots, reddish purple, 8 to 10 ft., 
Europe; purpurea pendula, weeping; viminalis (Osier Willow), the species grown 
to yield osiers, Russia and N. Asia, 
Sallow.—See Salix. 
Salmon-berry (Rubus spectabilis & R. nutkanus).—See Rubus. 
Salpiglossis (Scalloped Tube-tongue).—Ord. Solanaceae. Half- 
hardy annual. First introduced 1820. 
OUTDOOR CULTURE: Soil, sandy loam or good ordinary rich. 
Position, sunny beds or borders. Sow seeds in well-drained pots, pans, 
or shallow boxes filled with compost of equal parts loam, leaf-mould & 
sand placed in temp. of 65° to 75°, Feb. or March, Cover seeds with 
thin sprinkling of fine soil. Transplant seedlings when three leaves 
have formed }in. apart in well-drained pots or shallow boxes of above 
compost. Keep in temp. of 55° to 65° till May, then place in cold 
frame to harden, & plant out in June. Water freely in dry weather. 
Apply weak stimulants occasionally to plants in flower. 
INDOOR CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, half a part 
each of leaf-mould & decayed cow mauure & silver sand. Sow seeds as 
advised above for summer flowering; in Aug. or Sept. for spring 
flowering. Transplant seedlings when three leaves have formed, 3 in 
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