ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
Turnip Fern (Angiopteris erecta).—Sec Angiopteris. 
Turnip-rooted Celery.—Sce Apium. 
Turnsole (Heliotropium peruvianum).—Sec Heliotropium. 
poole’ perried Vine (Vitis heterophylla humulifolia). 
—See Vitis. 
Turtle-head.—See Chelone. 
Yussilago (Varicgated Coltsfoot)—Ord. Composite. Hardy 
herbaceous perennial. Orn. foliage. Leaves, roundish heart-shaped, 
margined or spotted with creamy white. 
CULTURE: Compost, two parts loam, one part leaf-mould & sand. 
Pot, March. Position, cold greenhouse, frame, or window. Water 
freely, April to Oct.; kecp nearly dry afterwards. May be grown 
outdoors in damp shady borders and ordinary soil. Plant, March. 
Propagate by division, March. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: T. Farfara variegata, 6 in., Britain. 
Tutsan (Hypericum Androseum).—See Hypericum. 
Tweedia.—See Oxypetalum. 
Twin-flower (Linnea borealis).—See Linnza. 
Twin-leaf (Jeffersonia binnata).—See Jeffersonia. 
Twin-leaved Lily of the Valley (Maianthemum conval- 
laria).—See Maianthemum. 
Tyerman’s Groundsel (Senecio pulcher).—See Senecio. 
Typha (Reed Mace).—Ord. Typhaceew. Hardy aquatic perennials. 
Inflorescence, ‘brown; July. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, margins of shallow rivers or 
ponds. Plant, Oct. or March, by division. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: T. angustifolia, 4 to 5 ft., and T. latifolia, 4 to 6 ft., 
both natives of Britain. 
Ulex (Furze; Gorse; Whin).—Ord. Leguminosee. Hardy ever- 
green shrubs. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny banks, rockeries, or 
woodlands. Plant, Sept. to April. 
HEDGE CULTURE: Plant 18 in. apart in single row. Trim sides 
in moderately close in April. Propagate by seeds sown tin. deep in 
light soil outdoors in April; cuttings inserted in ordinary soil in 
shady position outdoors, spring or autumn. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: U. europzus flore pleno, yellow, double, 6 ft., spring, 
Europe (Britain). 
UiImus (Elm; Wych Elm).—Ord. Urticacee. Hardy deciduous 
trees. Flowers, insignificant. Leaves, green or variegated. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary for common species (U. campestris); deep 
rich loamy with gravelly subsoil for Wych Elm (U. montana); moist 
loamy for American Elm (U. americana). Position, open & sunny 
woodlands, parks, or shrubberies for all species & varieties. Plant, 
Oct. to Feb. 
CULTURE FOR TIMBER PURPOSES: Soil, clay, loam, chalk, 
or gravel. Position, hedge rows or avenues. Plant autumn, 20 to 
25 ft. apart. Timber fine, hard grain, & brown in colour. Used for 
coffin making, cart & wagon making, furniture, etc. Average price 
per cubic ft., 7d. to 1s. 6d. Average weight of timber per cubic ft., 
431b.; number of cubic ft. per ton, 52. Average life of tree, 400 to 
500 years. Altitude to which Elm will thrive, 1,500 ft. Number of 
seeds’ to a pound, 70,000. Average height of trees, 150 ft. 
Average price of trees per 1,000: 2 years oid, 5s.; 2 to 3 years, trans- 
planted, 20s, to 25s. 
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