ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
Vinca (Periwinkle; Band Plant; Cut Finger; Madagascar Peri- 
winkle).—Ord. Apocynacea. Hardy herbaceous perennials & stove 
overgreen shrubs. 
CULTURE OF STOVE SPECIES: Compost, two parts fibrous loam, 
one part decayed manure, & little silver sand. Position, well-drained 
pots in stove, Sept. to June; sunny cold frame or greenhouse re- 
mainder of year. Pot, Feb. or March. Prune shoots of old plants to 
within 1 or 2in. of their base in Jan. or Feb. Water freely, April 
to Oct.; moderately afterwards. Apply weak stimulants occasionally 
during summer & autumn. Nip off points of shoots in young or old 
plants once or twice during July & Aug. to insure bushy habit. 
Temp., March to June 65° to 75°; Sept. fo March 55° to 65°. 
CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES: Soil, ordinary. Position, shady 
borders, rockeries, or shrubberies under trees. Plant, Oct. to April. 
Lift, divide, & replant only when absolutely necessary. 
POT CULTURE: Compost, two parts sandy loam, one part leaf- 
mould, & little sand. Pot, Oct. to March. Position, pots suspended 
in wire baskets in cold or cool greenhouses, balconies, or windows. 
Water freely, April to Sept.; moderately afterwards. Repot an- 
nually. Propagate V. rosea by cuttings of young shoots removed 
when 2 or 3 in. long in spring, & inserted in sandy soil under bell- 
glass in temp. 65° to 75°. Hardy species by division in March or 
April. 
STOVE SPECIES: V. rosea (Madagascar Periwinkle), rose, May, 1 ft., Tropics; 
rosea alba, white. 
HARDY SPECIES: V. difformis (Syn. Media), blue, summer, 1 ft., S.W. Europe; 
major (Large Periwinkle), purple, summer, 2 ft., Europe (Britain); major variegata, 
variegated; minor (Lesser Periwinkle), blue, summer, 1 ft., Europe (Britain); 
minor flore pleno, double, blue; minor flore albo, white, double; minor foliis- 
argenteis, variegated with white; minor foliis-aureis, variegated with yellow. 
Vine.—See Vitis. 
Viola (Violet; Tufted Pansy; Pansy; Heartsease).—Ord. Violacez. 
Hardy perennial herbs. 
CLASSIFICATION: Pansies in General.—Any free-growing or free- 
flowering strain, self-coloured, or variegated. Show Pansy.—Blooms 
circular, flat, & smooth, without wavy or crinkled edges; petals thick, 
velvety, & lying closely over each other; principal or ground colour 
of three lower petals pure white or yellow; dark circular blotch in 
centre of blooms, orange eye; dark narrow belt to three lower petals; 
same colour as upper petals; diameter i4in. Fancy Pansy.—Blooms 
circular, flat, & smooth, with wavy or crinkled edges; petals thick 
and velvety, lying closely over each other; solid, bright orange eye; 
large blotches of colour, with narrow belt or margin of another colour 
on three lower petals; top petals same colour as blotches or margins; 
colour, sometimes suffused; size lin. to 2in. in diameter. Tufted 
Pansy.—A name applied to a class of pansies, commonly called 
“violas,” hybrids of the ordinary pansy and the Horned Violet (V. 
cornuta). Blooms smaller than those of ordinary pansies. Colours 
varied, “chaste, & delicate. Habit, dwarf. not spreading as in the 
pansy. Trimardeau Pansy.—A strain of French origin, noteworthy 
for coarseness of blooms & gaudiness of colour. Violetta.—A strain of 
very dwarf pansies, the result of a cross between a pansy & Viola 
cornuta. Flowers, small, rayless, & fragrant. ; 
CULTURE OF SHOW, FANCY, AND TUFTED PANSIES: Soil 
(a) deep, rich, moist loam, enriched with well-decayed cow manure; 
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