ENCYCLOPHDIA OF GARDENING. 
June, 3 in., Murope; calcarata (Spurred Violet), blue, May, 6 in., Europe; calcarata 
pallida plena, lavender, double; canina (Dog Violet), blue or white, May, 3 to 4 in., 
Europe; cornuta (Horned Violet), blue, summer, 6 in., Pyrenees, one of the parents 
of the Garden Viola or Tufted Pansy; cornuta alba, white; cucullata (Hollow- 
leaved violet), violet, spring, 3 to 4 in., N. America; gracilis (Olympian Violet), 
purple, June, 3 in., Greece; lutea (Mountain Violet), yellow, June, 3 in., Europe 
(Britain); munbyana (Munby’s Violet), violet, spring, 4 in., Spain; odorata 
(Sweet Violet), blue, spring, 6 in., Europe (Britain); odorata alba, white; odorata 
pallida plena (Neapolitan Violet), lavender, double; palustris (Marsh Violet), white, 
May, 3 to 4 in., N. Europe (Britain); pedata (Bird’s-foot Violet), blue, May, 6 in., 
N. America; pedata alba, white; rothamagensis (Kouen Violet), blue, summer, 
6 in., Europe; sylvestris (Wood Violet), blue, spring, 6 in., Europe; tricolor 
(Pansy), yellow, purple and white, summer, 6 in., Europe (Britain). 
Violet.—See Violet, 
Viper’s Bugloss (Echium vulgare)—See Echium. 
Virginian Bird Cherry (Prunus virginiana).—See Prunus. 
Virginian Cowslip (Mertensia virginica) —See Mertensia, 
Virginian Creeper.—See Vitis. 
Virginian Poke (Phytolacca decandra).—See Phytolacca. 
Virginian Raspberry (Rubus odoratus).—See Rubus. 
Virginian Snow-flower (Chionanthus virginica). — See 
Chionanthus. 
Virginian Spiderwort (Tradescantea virginica). — See 
Tradescantea. 
Virginian Stock (Malcolmia maritima).—See Malcolmia. 
Virginian. Willow (Itea virginica).—See Itea. 
Virgin’s Bower.—See Clematis. : 
Viscum (Mistletoe) —Ord. Loranthaceer. Hardy evergreen para- 
sitical plant. Fruit, white, roundish, viscid; winter. 
CULTURE: Cut a notch in bark on underside of branch & press 
ripe berry gently thereinto. Time for insertion, March. ‘Trees 
adapted for mistletoe culture: Apple, hawthorn, poplar, lime, maple, 
mountain ash, cedar, larch, & oak; two first most suitable. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: V. album, green, March, Europe (Britain). 
Vitex (Chaste Tree; Tree of Chastity).—Ord. Verbenacex. Hardy 
evergreen flowering shrubs. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, sheltered warm border or 
against S. wall. Plant, Oct. to Feb. Prune into shape moderately 
atter flowering. Propagate by cuttings of shoots inserted in ordinary 
light sandy soil under bell-glass in cool greenhouse or cold frame, 
Sept. or Oct. : 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: V. Agnus-castus, lilac or white, Aug., 6 ft., 8. Europe. 
Vitis (Grape-vine; Virginian Creeper:.—Ord. Ampelideew. Hardy & 
stove deciduous & evergreen climbing shrubs. The genera Ampelopsis 
and Cissus are now included in the present genus. 
CULTURE OF GRAPE VINE: Compost, five parts of top spit turfy 
loam from an old pasture chopped into small pieces, one part old 
lime rubbish, one part equal proportions of charcoal & wood ashes, & 
one part half-inch bones. Position, sunny, fairly dry _ subsoil. 
Borders: Inside for early forcing; outside for late or ordinary cul- 
ture. Width, 10 to 16 ft.—that is equalling width of house. Depth, 
3ft. On cold clayey soils, surface of border best raised 18in. above 
ordinary ground level, & bottom covered with layer of concrete. 
Place brick rubbish & old mortar 2 ft. deep at back, sloping to 18in. 
in front, in bottom of border. On this put a layer of turves, grass 
side downwards, then fill the remaining space with above compost. 
A drain along the bottom of border is advisable. Plant, end of Jan, 
453 
