ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GARDENING. 
or beginning of Feb.; or_in the case of young plants raised from 
eyes in spring, June or July. Distance tor planting: 5 ft. apart. 
Pruning: Shorten the stem of vine planted in Jan. or Feb. to 
within 3in. of ground if inside; to within 2in. of where it enters 
house if outside, directly after planting. Allow one strong shoot 
only to grow & form tuture stem; rub all others off when they 
first form. Prune this following Dec. halfway back if strong; two- 
thirds if weak. Second year: Allow side shoots to form & one young 
shoot to grow up roof 18in. apart; rub off remainder in a young 
state. Nip off points of side shoots at first joint beyond bunch, if 
any, otherwise at third or fourth joints. Prune side shoots following 
Dec. close to last bud or eye near main stem to form spurs, & third 
portion of main stem same as advised for second portion. Third 
year: Allow side shoots to form at spurs, also on third portion of 
main stem. If more than one shoot forms at a spur, select strongest 
& rub off (disbud) remainder. Nip off points of shoots as before 
advised. Following Dec. shorten shoots issuing from spurs, also from 
third portion of main stem, to last eye or bud; also fourth portion 
of main stem to length of rafters. Fourth and subsequent years: 
Future pruning to consist of rubbing off (disbudding) all side shoots 
except one at each spur, nipping off (stopping) points at first joint 
beyond bunch or fourth from base, cutting back, Dec. or Jan., side 
shoots to last bud or eye from their base. 
Starting TemPeraTuRE AND Warerina: Time for starting Vines: 
Nov. to ripen first in April; Dec. for May; Jan. for June; March 
for July. Vines started in March without artificial heat will ripen in 
Aug. or Sept. Temp. by night: 35° to 40° until buds break; 40° to 
50° from then until flowers expand; 50° to 55° during flowering 
period; 60° to 70° from then until berries are ripe. Temp. by day: 
60° on cold & 70° to 75° on sunny days until buds break; 65° on cold 
& 75° to 80° on sunny days until vines flower; 75° on cold & 85° 
to 90° on sunny days onwards till grapes are ripe. Watering Inside 
Borders: Apply water heated to temp. 60° at the rate of 4 to 5 gall. 
per square foot when vines are started; again wheu shoots are 6in. 
long; also just before flowers expand; lastly, when berries begin to 
swell for second time. Watering Outside Borders: Apply “water 
similar temp. & quantity just before flowering & when berries begin 
to swell second time. Syringe morning & afternoon daily until vines 
flower, then cease. Moistén floors, staging, walls, & borders several 
times daily from start until berries colour, then discontinue. Ven- 
tilation: Open the ventilators tentatively on fine days when the sun 
rises, & close again early in afternoon or when sun disappears. Ven- 
tilate freely night & day during ripening period. 
Manurrs For Grabe Vines: ODrainings from stable or 
manure heap, diluted with one-third water. Apply when berries 
first form, & again when they commence to colour. Special 
manures for various soils—(a) Sandy soils not containing much 
humus: 21b. of guano, 31b. kainit, mixed together, & latter crushed 
fine; apply at the rate of 20z. to a square yard once a week from 
time berries form until they change colour. (b) Sandy soils containin 
much humus: 11]b. nitrate of soda, 21b. superphos ete. 3 1b. kainit, 
applied at the rate of 1}o0z. per square yard as advised for (a). (c) 
Caleareous soils: 1]lb. dried blood, 2 1b. superphosphate, 11b. sulphate 
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