ENCYCLOPHDIA OF GARDENING. 
required. Shade from sun. Temp., Sept. to March 45° to 50°; March 
to Sept. 50° to 60°. 
CULTURE OF HARDY SPECIES: Compost, equal parts peat & 
loam. Position, shady borders or banks. Plant, April. Water 
copiously in dry weather. All the hardy species are suitable for green- 
house culture. Propagate by spores sown on surface of fine peat in 
well-drained pans placed in temp. of 75° at any time; division of 
plants, March or April. 
GKEENHOUSE SPECIES: W. obtusa, 1 ft., N. America; polystichioides, 6 to 
9in., Japan; p. Veitchii, China. . 
HARDY SPECIES: W. glabella, 6 in., N. America; ilvensis, 4 in., Arctic and 
N. Temperate Zone (Britain); hyperborea (Syn. W. alpina), 6 in., N. Temperate 
Zone; scopulina, 8 in., N. America, 
Wood Sorrel.—See Oxalis. 
Wood Tongue Fern (Drymoglossum carnosum).—See Drymo- 
glossum. 
Woodwardia (Chain Fern).—Ord. Filices. Greenhouse ever- 
green ferns. First introduced 1774. 
CULTURE: Compost, equal parts loam & leaf-mould or peat. Posi- 
tion in well-drained pots, or on rockeries in cool greenhouse or fernery. 
Water freely in summer; moderately other times. Syringe daily in 
summer. W. radicans & W. rc. cristata suitable for suspending in 
baskets. Greenhouse species will also grow outdoors in sheltered 
positions, & with the protection of litter in winter. Propagate by 
spores sown on surface of fine peat in well-drained pans placed in 
temp. of 75° any time; division of plants, March or April; by bulbils 
removed from fronds & placed in small pots in temp. of 65° to 70° until 
roots form. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: W. areolata, 12 to 18 in., U. States; japonica, 18 in., 
to 2 ft., China and Japan; Harlandii, 18 in., Hong Kong; orientalis, 4 to 8 ft., 
Japan; radicans, 3 to 8 ft., N. Temperate Zone; radicans Brownii (Syn. Radicans 
cristata), fronds crested. 
Worm Grass (Sedum album).—See Sedum. 
Wormweoecd (Artemisia Absinthum).—See Artemisia. 
Wulfenia.—Ord. Scrophulariacee. Hardy perennial herbs. 
First introduced 1817. 
CULTURE: Soil, light rich sandy loam. Position, partially shady 
rockeries. Plant, March or April. Propagate by seeds sown in light 
sandy soil in shallow boxes in cold frame in March or April, trans- 
planting seedlings when large enough to handle on to rockery; by 
division of plants in March or April. 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: W. amherstiana, blue, summer, 6 to 10 in., Himalayas; 
carinthiaca, blue, July, 2 ft., Carinthia. 
Wych Elm (Ulmus montana).—See Ulmus. 
Wych Hazel (Hamamelis virginica)—See Hamamelis. 
Xanthisma.—Ord. Composite. Hardy anuual. 
CULTURE: Sow seeds in gentle heat in spring, harden off seed- 
lings in May, & plant out in June, a foot apart, in bold groups in 
sunny borders. os 
SPECIES CULTIVATED: X. texanum (Syn. Centauridium Drummondi), yellow, 
summer, 2 to 3 ft., Texas. : 
Xanthoceras.—Ord. Sapindacew. Hardy deciduous flowering 
tree. First introduced 1870. eaves, feather-shaped. 
CULTURE: Soil, ordinary. Position, sunny borders or shrubberies. 
Plant, Oct. to Feb. Propagate by seeds sown in light soil outdoors 
in autumn or spring. 
SPECIES OULTIVATED: X. sorbifolia, white and red, summer, 15 ft., China. 
461 
