LABRADOR AND GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE COD FISHERIES. 135 
Comparative table of Newfoundland fishing-ground area. penn 
ing grounds 
. Gi erat 6 
miles). 
Northern Labrador boat fishery— Cape Harrison to Cape Mugford, 260 miles, averaging 20 miles deep (among 
ISlATIS)! Secs ociesw sea Sack adie oc oeveleiecisse dele cle dicen atcenso aeons san nad Sue egescnaseeede dues cease saosin 5,200 
Newfoundland boat fishery, French shore—Cape St. John, via Cape Bauld to Cape: Ray, 696 miles, by 3 
miles deep (shore fishery) ..... cn du avec oat aisaicee Wis seU sie mite serena See sacaweeioees scene ames awrite cies seas 2,088 
South shore of Newfoundland boat fishery—Cape Race to Cape Bonavista, 294 miles, 3 miles deep (shore 
fishery.) cs os const cedarncresaiaieisieiays Vistelaiats:<laieteis'k ‘xteteiein wp bw Seiad si weia anise hE die Sees creak emai eimereio Sie 882 
Northeast shore of Newfoundland boat fishery—Cape Bonavista to Gape St. John, 225 miles, 3 miles deep 
(shore fishery )j.c.2-.ssaicsicciele asicios sieeciae eueicine eee shins ceisis eae wiawinine ciemecewen teen conse tmestescesesine 675 
Northeast shore of Newfoundland boat fishery—among the islands in Bonavista Bay and Bay of Notre Dame, 
120 miles, 7-miles, deep -cccusacicins iieenew nnn smi eecreneigusisiesices onins deine cen dese aes ete senseee stimnicciens 840 
Area of British Newfoundland boat fishery .....- 2... ---201 cee cece es cece ee cece cen e ee ne cene cen nee meen cone 4,116 
Area of French Newfoundland boat fishery... ----.--00- ce ees cence e cone cece cece ee nee ces cone ee reneenceee 2, 088 
Total area of Newfoundland boat fishery ...--...0200 eee ee cece cee cece cee tennessee nec eemene ce 6, 204 
Area of Northern Labrador boat fishery—Cape Harrison to Cape Mugford....-...---------+ e----+ eens cee 5,200 
Area of Southern Labrador boat fishery—Cape Harrison to Blanc Sablon, estimated, 5 miles deep .......-- 1, 900 
Total area of Labrador boat fishery.... -..- 2-2-2. cece eee eee cece ee cence nen cas wee meee en ceeene ene 7,100 
“‘ Physical outlines of the coast—As in Norway, so on the Labrador, the whole coast, from the 
Straits of Belle Isle to Hebron, is deeply cut by profound fiords, penetrating the land from 30 to 
70 miles. These fiords have been mapped so far as Hamilton Inlet by the officers of Her Majesty’s 
vessels, but beyond that point no surveys have been made and published, with the exception of 
those before mentioned. As an illustration of one of the unsurveyed fiords, I append a sketch plan, 
made this summer, of Kypokok Bay, the next bay north of Aillik. It is 53 miles deep, estimated 
from Aillik Head, and has an average breadth of 3 miles. Opposite the Hudson Bay Company’s 
post, 35 miles from Aillik Head, the water is more than 50 fathoms deep, although not above a 
mile across. This bay or fiord has been excavated by glaciers, like all the other fiords on this 
coast, and the innumerable islands of the coast are rocky eminences, which have escaped the gen- 
eral glacial denudation. But the glaciers of Labrador have probably left even more valuable 
records, in the form of moraines, of their early existence here than deep fiords or innumerable 
islands. These are the shoals or banks which lie some 15 miles outside of the islands, and on 
which icebergs strand in long lines and in groups. I have styled them the Inner Range of 
Banks, to distinguish them from a supposed Outer Range in deeper water, where large icebergs 
sometimes take the ground. The inner banks, as far as they are known, are stated by fishermen 
to have from 20 to 40 fathoms of water on them. Commander Maxwell’s soundings between Cape 
Harrison and Gull Island, near Hopedale, and just outside of the island zone, rarely show depths 
greater than 40 fathoms. In one instance only, in a distance of about 110 nautical miles, is a depth 
of 59 fathoms recorded. 
“Absence of islands on the Southern Labrador.—The Admiralty chart portrays a very impor- 
tant confirmation of the Labrador coast line, from Saint Lewis Sound to Spotted Island. The trend 
of the coast line between the Battle Islands, south of Saint Lewis Sound, and Spotted Island, Domino 
Run, a distance of 65 miles, is due north, and, with very few exceptions, there are no islands off 
the coast throughout this distance, excluding the group close inshore between Spotted Island 
and Stony Island. As soon as the coast line begins to turn northwesterly, islands become 
numerous and continually increase in°number as far as Cape Mugford, and even towards Cape 
Chudleigh. Between Cape Harrison and Cape Mugford the island zone may be estimated as hav- 
ing a depth of 20 miles from the mouth of the fiord seawards. The cause of the general absence 
of islands south of Spotted Island and Stony Island can probably be traced to the never ceasing 
