236 HISTORY AND METHODS OF THE FISHERIES. 
pens resembling those in the after hold of a halibut schooner. In these pens ico is carried when 
the vessel is making long trips. When large fares are obtained, part of the fish are stowed in the 
bait-room, which, on the larger vessels, is so arranged that pens can be built in it by sliding boards 
into grooves. The haddock schooners carry a larger amount of ballast than those of any other 
class; a vessel of 50 tons requiring 30 or 35 tons of ballast. 
4, APPARATUS AND METHODS OF THE I'ISHERY. 
Dorres.—The larger haddock-catchers carry six dories, tli: smaller four or five.* Most of the 
dories used in this fishery are deeper and wider than those in any other fishery, and are built spe- 
cially for the purpose. The ordinary bank dory is also frequently in use. The so-called “haddock 
dories” are 14 feet in length on their bottoms. When on deck they are nested in the ordinary 
manner, two or three on a side, and are stowed nearly amidships on each side of the booby hatch, 
not nested close to the rail, as is the practice upon other vessels carrying dories. A haddock dory 
ready to leave the vessel in order to set its trawl is provided with the following articles in addition 
to the trawl-lines: Trawl-roller, two pairs woolen nippers, dory-knife, gob-stick, gaff, bailing-scoop, 
thole-pins, two pairs of 9-foot ash oars, buoys, buoy-lines, anchors, and black balls. 
TRAWLS.—The haddock trawls have the ground-line of tarred cotton, of 14 to 18 pounds 
weight to the dozen lines of 25 fathoms each in length. Hemp is occasionally used, especially by 
the Maine vessels and by some of the Irish vessels from Boston. The gangings are of white or 
tarred cotton, in weight about 4 to 6 pounds to the 300 fathoms of line. They are about 2 feet in 
length, and are fastened to the ground line at intervals of 34 feet. The manner of fastening the 
gangings to the ground-line is different from that upon the halibut trawls.t The hooks are 
numbers 15 or 16, center-draught, and eyed.{ The hooks are fastened to the gangings in the same 
manner as on the cod trawls. The haddock trawls are coiled in tubs, similar to those employed 
in the George’s fishery. A flour barrel, sawed off above the lower quarter hoops, is used for a 
tub. Each tub of haddock trawl contains 500 hooks, or about 292 fathoms of ground-line. Each 
dory is provided with six or eight tubs of trawl, and two to eight of these tubs of line are set 
at once, as the case may require. Sometimes only two or three tubs are set at a time, and several 
sets are frequently made in a day, when the weather is suitable. 
One of the anchors is similar to those used upon the cod trawls, while the second anchor is 
often of the killick pattern. The buoy-line is the same as in the cod or haliLu: trawl, and its length 
is 15 to 30 fathoms more than the depth of water in which it is used. The buoys are similar to 
those used in cod-trawling. Each buoy at the end of the trawl has a black ball upon it, and a 
middle buoy, without a staff or black ball, is also used§ when the whole length of the trawl is set. |] 
Instead of the regulation keg buoy, a “kit” is sometimes used by the haddock trawlers. 
BaiT.—When it can be obtained, the principal bait used by the haddock catchers is salted men- 
haden slivers. This is considered the best bait, and it is said that haddock will often bite at this 
when nothing else will tempt them. The trawl-hooks, when this bait is used, may be baited days 
or even weeks in advance, while the vessel is waiting for a chance to set. When fresh bait is used 
the trawls can be baited only a short time before, indeed, only a few hours before they are to be set. 
* The haddock-catchers of Maine and some of the ports in Massachusetts, fishing with ‘single dories,” carry one 
for each man besides the skipper and cook. These boats are 13 feet long, and managed by a single fisherman, 
+They are fastened either by tucking and hitching or by a simple hitch around the ground-line. 
t The Irish fishermen of Boston sometimes use a galvanized hook of the same size without an eye. 
§ This is to aid the fishermen in recovering their trawls in case they are parted at either end. 
|| When the trawls are set in shallow water where there is a rocky bottom three or four middle buoys are some- 
times used. 
