THE FROZEN-HERRING INDUSTRY. 439 
Table showing the quantity and value of the herring taken in the Province of Quebec in 1880. 
Fresh or pickled herring. Smoked herring. Homtot 
e pees 
Divisions.* inister 
Price . ‘ 
Barrels. | _ per Value. | Boxes. er tee Value. |°f ean 
barrel. |» Fisheries. 
South shore of Saint Lawrence (Cape Chatte to Restigouche)......-.-- $10,743 | $500 | $53,715 552 $0 25 | $138 00 53 
North shore of Saint Lawrence (M: gan to Bl Sablons)..... 14, 021 5 00 20,108 | ccaccice Beer Ceeererene 76 
Magdalen Islands 17, 644 5 00 88, 220 |.....-- sleaesiatiegwelsdeseeenee 100 
1,472 5 00 7, 360 10 25 2 50 106 
21, 218 4 00 84; B72 a cciesiic ale camis seca wees sereee. 118 
55, 098 4 614 | 254,272 562 0 25 140 50 |..-......, 
* The divisions of the Province of Quebec—from the city of Quebec to Bersimis and the Saint Lawrence above Quebec (see pp. 119 and 123, 
Report of Minister of Marine and Fisheries)—are omitted, having no mackerel or herring. 
t Pickled. 
Table showing the quantity and value of the herring taken in the Dominion of Canada in 1880. 
Pickled herring. Smoked herring. panies 
Canadian 
Province." Price : Minister 
Barrels.| per |* Value. | Boxes. pital Value. of Marine 
barrel. Perper. » ane 
7 Fisheries. 
Ouitardo cen. o250j65icks iedezts ua vsateastsGhusssaccceagaseeeesFeadeteGna 7,066 | $4.00 | $28,264 |... fee eee 292 
Quebee lfc 5 5s ee ceces eck cede sececes be aweresadecusiseesssesceousesewes 55,098 | 4 614 | 254, 272 562 | $0 25| $140 50 |53, 16, 100, ‘ 
, LL 
Nova Scotia..........--2.0+ feueesuud seegeveuscwen veces vine sdee ious sc053 186,543 | 400 | 546,172} 60,020 25 | 15,005 00 165 
New oBrane wick) <icscicessiseskvesescensevencs cd teaevendusiuseodscsiees 125,552 | 400 | 502,208 | 477,340 25 | 119,385 00 215 
Prince Edward Island.......... i 18,020] +400 | 72,080 |..........]-.-...--Jeee eee eee 249 
British Columbia: 2cecscsscese 5... cstisessecnsvaxeve ss seseecexpacsees tees flo | t4 00 40! futiay sak nallec scintioe 1,750 00 269 
otal. ivavszescxedetnccsieacisesseans Busiadeiaee ube ceaceeeaaer es 342, 289 |......-. 1,403,086 | 587,922 |........ 136, 230 60 |.......... 
* The inland Province of Manitoba, which of course has no mackerel or herring, is omitted. t Not given in official report. } Pickled. 
2.—THE FROZEN-HERRING INDUSTRY. 
1. ORIGIN OF THE TRADE. 
NEWFOUNDLAND FROZEN-HERRING TRADE.—The island of Newfoundland has, from its earliest 
discovery, been a very important locality for the herring. Different schools have appeared upon 
different portions of the coast at various seasons of the year. For any particular locality, however, 
the time of arrival and departure of the different schools has been quite constant, and, in some 
places, the herring have remained but a few weeks. On other portions of the coast, and particu- 
larly along the southern shores of the island, they remain during the greater part of the year, and 
at Fortune Bay can be taken in considerable numbers for fully eight months. 
As early as 1837 a Gloucester fishing vessel visited the island for a trip of salt herring, and 
other vessels from the same ‘port went occasionally a few years later. The salt-herring fisheries, 
however, did not become important for many years. 
In those early days the fresh-fish trade of the United States was of little importance, and the 
present methods of icing, freezing, and shipping were little known. The present trade in fresh 
fish is of recent growth and is the result of a series of experiments in different methods of icing 
and refrigeration. In those days, when ice was not used, the fresh-fish trade was confined largely 
to the locality where the fish were taken, and if any shipping was done it was confined to a radius 
of a few miles at the most. The idea of engaging in an extensive traffic in fresh fish did not, there- 
