Symptomatology. Semeiology. 25 



the yearl5'^ shedding of the winter coat and the moulting of birds, 

 which is a perfectly normal process. Yet even the spring shed- 

 ding and the growth of the new coat makes a great drain on the 

 system, and must always be taken into account as. a probable 

 cause of derangement of health. 



The lesions of the skin in the different cutaneous affections 

 must be remanded to the special chapter on skin diseases. The 

 following however may be named as having a general bearing. 



Emphysema may be due to a local wound, (elbow, trachea, 

 rib) ; it may indicate black quartei:, or it may occur sub-cutane- 

 ously in cattle without marked impairment of health. 



Anasarca, from diseased blood, heart, liver or kidneys is de- 

 rioted by swellings, often painless, or a general infiltration which 

 pits on pressure. It often shows primarily in the lower parts of 

 the hind limbs. Warty looking elevations must be carefully dis- 

 criminated, having in mind primarily papilloma, tubercle 

 (grapes), actinomycosis, condyloma (in dogs), cancer, melanosis. 

 The secretions of the skin (sweat, sebum) maj' be suppressed, 

 or in excess, producing at times a special odor, as in thrush and 

 canker of the horse, cowpox and sheep-pox, and rheumatism. 

 Before death the cadaveric odor may be marked, and attracts 

 crowds of flies to the victim. 



Facies. The countenance may be expressive. Between the 

 bright, full, clear, prominent eye of health, and the dull, snnken, 

 lifeless, semiclosed eye of serious disease the contrast is extreme. 

 The drooping lids (ptosis) may be paralytic and even unilateral, 

 in which case drooping ear, and flaccid lips and alse nasi com- 

 plete the picture. With paralyzed lips there is usually drivelling 

 of saliva, and dropping of half chewed morsels in the manger 

 and stall. The eye may show dropsical lids in kidney or liver 

 disease and in anaemic conditions like distomatosis in sheep. It 

 may show the upper lid bent at an angle in recurrent ophthalmia 

 of solipedes. The mucosa may be red in ophthalmia, yellow in 

 jaundice, dusky brown in Southern cattle fever, anthrax, cere- 

 bral meningitis, and other fevers attended with destruction of red 

 globules and liberation of their hsematin. The pupils may be 

 all but closed in internal ophthalmias, or widely dilated and ir- 

 responsive to light in amaurosis. The iris may lack its normal 

 lustre or may be distorted or torn in various ways from adhesions. 

 Opacities of the cornea, lens, or vitreous may be recognized. 



