Diseases of the Nose. 79 



ill anthrax, asidi'm swine plague awAho^choltra. Hering xe.car&s, 

 the case of a number of pigs suffering from a scorbutic affection 

 and which bled profusely from the nose. In bleeders (haemo- 

 philia) and in leucocythaemia it is liable to appear. 



The ulcerations of the mucous membrane occuring in glanders 

 and chronic catarrh have proved exciting causes of the hemorrhage. 

 Lastly the intense heats of summer and prolonged exposure to 

 the direct rays of the sun induce a general relaxation and a deter- 

 mination of blood to the surface which rouses to activity the lat- 

 ent tendency. 



Symptoms. The bleeding, usually from one nostril only, falls 

 in a succession of drops, (rarely in a stream), collects in clots 

 around the nostril, and bespatters surrounding objects as it is ex- 

 pelled forcibly in sneezing. It is usually of a bright crimson hue 

 or, in fevers or poisoned conditions of the blood, of a dark or 

 blackish color. It is distinguished from pulmonary hemorrhage 

 by the absence of cough and of a frothy condition, and from 

 bleeding from the stomach by the absence of the blackened clots 

 and acid odor which indicate the presence of the gastric juice. 



It is usually to be further distinguished from these in all ani- 

 mals, save solipedes, by the absence of blood in the mouth. 



Treatment. Nasal hemorrhage often stops spontaneously, but 

 if the discharge is profuse or long continued, and especially in 

 weak or anaemic conditions it must be treated energetically. Care 

 should be taken, however, to ascertain first, whether it is not 

 vicarious of some other and more dangerous condition like cere- 

 bral congestion. 



The head should be placed in an elevated position by tying it 

 up to the rack, and cold water or ice kept applied over the head 

 and neck. Matico powder may be blown into the affected nostril 

 during inspiration, or a solution of alum (4 drachms to i pint of 

 water) or other astringent may be thrown in by means of a 

 syringe. A tablespoonful of peroxide of hydrogen thrown into 

 the nose with an ordinary syringe will give immediate relief. 

 (Gillette.) 



Plugging the affected nostril with a pellet of tow covered with 

 matico, tannin, tincture of chloride of iron (1:10 or 20) or other 

 astringent may be employed when other means fail. By means 

 of a cord attached to the plug it may be withdrawn after all dan- 



