Catarrh of the Frontal Sinuses in Cattle. 103 



more constant nasal discharge, and increasing emaciation and 

 weakness. 



Prognosis. This is favorable for the acute disease at the outset. 

 But if no relief is furnished it is liable to go on to a fatal issue. 

 Even the chronic form is curable unless the subject has already 

 become hopelessly weak and debilitated. 



In fatal cases the sinuses are found to be filled with a glairy 

 fluid and the mucosa thickened and raw or ulcerated. There , 

 may be enlargment of the pharyngeal lymphatic glands, and there 

 may be attendant pharyngitis. 



Treatment. The patient must have absolute rest and cold 

 water irrigation or icebags applied to the liead. The bowels may 

 be opened by a saline, or a diuretic administered. If the head is 

 persistentl}' dropped it may be kept moderately elevated by a 

 halter tied to a higher point. Should there be no relief at the end 

 of twenty-four hours, no time should be lost'in securing free ad- 

 mission of air to the cavity. Cruzel advises to saw off the horn 

 at its base, as the one certain method of securing prompt improve- 

 ment and speedy recovery. If a horn and its bony support have 

 been broken off they should be at once removed and the head 

 turned up to evacuate the accumulated glairy fluid from the sinus. 

 From an apparently hopeless condition a few hours will suffice to 

 restore an appearance of good health. If the horn has not been 

 broken and it is desirable to save it, the bone may be trephined 

 in front of the root of the horn and the liquid evacuated, or less 

 effectively and more painfully the horn may be bored at its root 

 by a large gimlet. 



If no haemorrhage has taken place and if active treatment has 

 been adopted at the outset recovery may be complete in two or 

 three days, but if the disease has been ushered in by a haem- 

 orrhage which recurs several days in succession, amputation of 

 the horn or trephining will be demanded. In chronic cases this 

 should be followed by astringent and antiseptic injections and a 

 blister may be applied to the throat or the side of the neck. In 

 these cases too a course of mineral tonics is desirable. 



