142 Veterinary Medicine. 



same or even in a worse condition, the larynx meanwhile un- 

 naturally compressed between his narrow jaws and the nerve 

 compressed or the larynx distorted. 



It must be added, however, that like some other acquired dis- 

 tortions or alterations roaring may repeat itself in the progeny. 

 Goodwin mentions an instance of it on the female side through 

 three successive generations of thoroughbreds. Of transmission 

 on the side of the male the following instance is noteworthy : 

 M. lyiphaert, an extensive proprietor in lyivonia, bought a first- 

 class English thoroughbred stallion. His progeny were healthy 

 until he became a roarer at ten years old. All his foals, got after 

 this date, followed the sire in becoming roarers, and, it is impor- 

 tant to observe, almost all at the age of ten years. 



Symptoms. These, of course, are manifest enough while the 

 animal is sufficiently excited to give rise to the noise. Certain 

 indications may be obtained even while the animal stands in the 

 stable. If cough is excited by pinching the upper rings of the 

 windpipe it is prolonged into a groan. If suddenly threatened 

 with a cane the abrupt inspiration which results is attended by a 

 grunt. The absence of these symptoms is not, however, suffi- 

 cient to establish the non-existence of roaring. The hor.se must 

 be galloped or put to heavy draught to fully test the breathing 

 organs. Galloping up a steep hill is perhaps the best test. A 

 gallop over a recently ploughed field is about equally good. Soft 

 pasture land or an unpaved road is preferable to Macadam or 

 pavement. Galloping in a riding school on the soft tan is an 

 excellent measure as the sound is confined and the animal is 

 always within earshot of the examiner. The person examining 

 should either ride the horse himself or have a disinterested party, 

 in no way connected with either buyer or seller, to mount him. 

 If the rider is in the interest of the seller he may contrive to 

 slacken the pace before he reaches the examiner, or by irritating 

 the horse may make it difficult to approach him immediately on 

 his being pulled up. If in the interest of the buyer he may suc- 

 ceed, by the use of a powerful bit, in drawing the horse's nose in 

 to the chest, or by compressing the larynx with a tight throat 

 latch he may produce noise in breathing when the animal is sud- 

 denly brought to a stand. Unless the course is up a steep hill or 

 over a ploughed field the horse should be galloped for from five 



