DISEASES OF THE CHEST. 



Cough, its artificial production, precautions, character in different animals. 

 Cough in disease, strong, full, ringing, weak, short, broken, abortive, dry, 

 rasping, croupy, small, husky, soft, humid, rattling, mucous, paroxysmal, 

 sympathetic, wheezing, roaring, whistling, grunt, moan. Expectoration, 

 nasal in horse, also buccal in other animals. Morbid expectoration, watery, 

 viscid, cloudy, flocculent, purulent, rusty, cretaceous, parasitic, foetid, vari- 

 colored, microbic. Expired air, warm, cool, vegetable odor, acid, foetid, 

 heavy. Respiration, number in health, alteration in disease, rapid, slow, 

 tardy, short, catching, quick, deep, labored. Position, standing, lying. 

 Pleuritic breathing, broken-winded. 



Before describing specific diseases, it is needful to consider the 

 methods of physical diagnosis which enable the practitioner to 

 differentiate the diseases of the chest. Some of the following 

 remarks will bear equally on diseases of the nose and throat as 

 well. 



COUGH. 



The cough so varied in health and in disease deserves careful 

 practical study. It can usually be excited in solipedes, sheep and 

 dogs by pinching the first ring of the windpipe between the thumb 

 and first two fingers. In oxen it is best produced by compressing 

 the anterior part of the larynx. In old cattle it is diificult to pro- 

 duce coughing. In no animal should the attempt be made rudely 

 nor unnecessarily repeated, as it may tend to excite or to aggravate 

 already existing sore throat. 



The cough of the healthy horse is sharp, ioud ai\d ringing, often 

 repeated two or three times and followed by a snort (clearing of 

 himself). It is weaker in young horses and shorter and drier in 

 the aged. 



The usual cough of the ox is weak, dry, slightly husky and pro- 

 longed. 



That of the sheep, small, weak and dry. 



That of the dog, also weak and dry. 



A strong, full, deep, ringing cough is rarely heard in disease 

 except in slight irritation of the larynx. In such cases the larynx 

 is tender and slight handling or pinching develops the cough. 

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