1 82 Veterinary Medicine. 



although she was lying in the center of the North River with port 

 holes and hatches open, and a fresh breeze blowing from the 

 north. " 



' ' On the ' Assyriaan Monarch ' the space per head was only 

 192 cubic feet, but this ship was supplied with a ventilating fan 

 or blower capable of delivering over 50,000 cubic feet of fresh air 

 per hour, so that her ventilation was abundantly provided for. 

 In some smaller ships we found the space per head to exceed 

 little, if at all, 150 cubic feet. In these, accordingly, a single 

 hour without any change of air would threaten the life of every 

 animal on board, and two hours would endanger those for which 

 even the larger space is provided. It is true that such absolute 

 seclusion is rarely required, and that a certain amount of aerial 

 diffusion is always going on through imperfectly cloned hatches, 

 companion ways, and ventilators, yet that these are often insuffi- 

 cient has been amply shown by such losses as are reported above, 

 as well as by the bronchitis and tuberculosis which Drs. Whitney, 

 layman, and Williams have found in the lungs of American ani- 

 mals arriving in England. ' ' 



' ' ORGANIC MATTER IN EXPIRED AIR. ' ' 



' ' The decomposing organic matter given off by the lungs and 

 skin is probably the most injurious of the animal excreta, when 

 allowed to act on the system for a length of time. This exhaled 

 organic matter is easily recognized in the air by chemical te.sts, or 

 by the putrid odor evolved when cotton wool, that has been, 

 breathed through, is left to soak in otherwise pure water at a 

 temperature of 70° to 80° Fahrenheit. The experiments of 

 Gavarret and Hammond, in which expired air had its carbonic 

 acid and water vapor removed, leaving only the organic matter, 

 showed that the latter was highly deleterious. Hammond found 

 that a mouse died in forty-five minutes in such an atmosphere. 

 It has also been again and again demonstrated that air containing 

 a given amount of carbonic acid as the result of respiration is far 

 more poisonous than air which contains the same amount of car- 

 bonic acid as a product of combustion." 



" WATER VAPOR IN EXPIRED AIR." 



' ' The amount of water vapor given off by the lungs varies 



