ACUTE CONGESTION OF THE I.UNGS. PULMONARY 

 HYPEREMIA. 



Active and passive congestions. Congestion of incipient pneumonia. 

 Congestion of over-exertion. Causes, lack of condition, fat, plethora, 

 gorged stomacb, hot weather, cold rains, cold baths, infectious diseases. 

 Symptoms, dilated nostrils, labored breathing, deep lifting of flanks, pant- 

 ing, pendent head, staring, fixed, bloodshot eyes, pale — later dark red nasal 

 mucosa, rapid pulse, palpitating heart, fine crepitation, cold limbs, tremors, ' 

 perspiration, obstinate standing, till unable, blood from nose. Fulminant 

 cases. Exposure cases. Course. Termination. Resolution. Lesions, 

 lungs black, gorged, do not crepitate nor collapse, lessened buoyancy, cut 

 surface, compressed bronchioles'and alveoli, right heart and veins gorged, 

 blood black, semi-liquid, petechise. Nature. Not yet inflammatory, blood 

 engorgement, no cell proliferation, migration, non-exudation, pulmonary 

 vaso-motor paresis, effect of blood pressure, of peptones, etc., of exhaus- 

 tion. Treatment, relieve respiratory muscles, derivation to surface, stimu- 

 lants, hot pediluvia and packs, relief of vascular system, bleeding, heart 

 stimulants, digitalis. 



Congestion of the lungs occurs in all animals as the percursor 

 of inflammation, but as death may occur without the superven- 

 tion of actual inflammation a special notice appears to be de- 

 manded. The hypersemia of the lungs may be seen in two forms, 

 active and passive, the latter form being secondary to other 

 diseases, such as valvular diseases of the left heart, by reason of 

 which the blood is forced back on the lungs and creates mechani- 

 cal congestion. The active form is a pathological process devel- 

 oped in the lung itself, and which often proves fatal through 

 arrest of the circulation through this organ. 



Causes. The pulmonary congestions preceding pneumonia are 

 due to the same causes with that disease. The most typical, 

 acute and deadly form of pulmonary congestion is usually due to 

 over-exertion in an animal that is fat and out of condition . The 

 English hunting field presents the most typical specimens. A 

 horse that has just left the dealer's hands, or that is plethoric, 

 fat, soft and flabby, is ridden over a heavy country, and though 

 he may perform well for a few miles, he soon hangs heavily on 

 the bit, slackens his pace, and if not pulled up, staggers and falls 

 "all of a heap." A farm horse, taken from grass or other soft 

 198 



