ACUTE CROUPOUS PNEUMONIA. PNEUMONITIS IN 



THE HORSE. 



Definition. Diflferentiation from acute vascular congestion. Predisposing 

 causes, age, sex, stabling, training, diet, impure air, low health, previous 

 lung disease, plethora, climate, season, exciting causes, chill, fatigue, leuco" 

 maines, sudor, draughts, plunging in or spraying with cold water, clipping, 

 inhalation of irritant smoke, gas, dust, drawing of food, irritating or insolu- 

 ble drugs into the lungs, neoplasms, parasites, contusions, fractured ribs, 

 punctures, contagion, plurality of germs, bacillus of Friedlander, micro- 

 coccus of Talamou and Frankel, diplococcus pneumoniae equina of 

 Schiitz, diplococcus pneumoniae equina of Cadeac. Symptoms, chill, 

 hyperthermia, dullness on percussion and crepitation in the lower part 

 of the lung, reaction, congested mucosae., accelerated labored breathing, 

 excited circulation, pulse oppressed, cough deep, patient statant, elbows 

 everted, nose protruded, nostrils dilated, approaching door or window, 

 pinched countenance, skin dry, harsh, adherent, partial sweats, loins insensi" 

 ble, nasal discharge rusty, dependent part of lung largely non-resonant, with 

 peripheral crepitation. Blowing in abnormal situation over hepatized lung. 

 Decubitus, its significance. Course. Results. Favorable indications in 

 pulse, breathing, face, temperature, appetite, decubitus, clearing of lung. 

 Unfavorable indications in breathing, pulse, fever, face, uneasy movements, 

 pawing, cold limbs, prostration, nervousness, weakness. Sabacuto Pneu- 

 monia. Terminations of pneumonia, death, resolution, splenization, abscess, 

 gangrene, red hepatisation, gray hepatisatiou, fibrinous consolidation. 

 Lesions. Congestion, exudation and cell growth, hepatization — red and 

 gray, deliquescence, abscess. Blood, loss of red globules, increase of white, 

 excess of fibrine, glandular swelling, pleurisy, degenerations in other organs, 

 laminitis, rheumatism. Treatment, adapted to strength of subject and type 

 of disease, hygienic, anti-rigor, antiphlogistic, expectant, stimulant, anti- 

 pyretic, febrifuge, sedative, moist compresses, derivatives, laxatives. In 

 subacute form tonics, heart stimulants, febrifuge. In chronic cases add rich 

 digestible diet, and easy open air life. 



This consists in inflammation of the spongy tissue of the lung 

 involving mainly and primarily the walls of the alveoli and inter- 

 lobular connective tissue with their respective trophic centres 

 (nuclei). The acute congestion of excessive heart action and de- 

 bilitated pulmonary capillaries described above, is primarily a 

 disease of the bloodvessels which become over distended and may 

 or may not lead to the inflammatory processes in their walls and 

 the tissues adjacent. Pneumonia on the other hand is essentially 



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