Acute Croupous Pneumonia. Pneumonitis in the Horse. 219 



blood and internal organs. Rabbits injected intravenously had 

 enlarged spleen, reddish exudate in the serous cavities, urine 

 stained with hsemoglobin, and lungs and kidneys congested. 

 With intratracheal injections the lesions were exclusively pul- 

 monary. The pulmonary lesions were less constant in the Guinea- 

 pig. Weakened virus caused pulmonary lesions only without 

 septicaemia. 



It has been suggested that this coccus is at least closely related 

 to that of pneumo-enteritis of the horse. 



Symptoms. The onset of pneumonia is not often seen by the 

 veterinarian, who is called in only after the cough, loss of appe- 

 tite, hurried breathing and rigor has revealed illness to the at- 

 tendants. Hence perhaps chill and rise of temperature have been 

 placed among the earliest symptoms. The symptoms are more 

 violent in the racer, trotter and other nervous animals. Trasbot 

 positively claims, that considerable pulmonary inflammation and 

 even exudation have taken place before there is any chill or rise 

 of temperature. This is especially the case in the heavy lym- 

 phatic races of draught horses, which often according to this 

 author perform their usual work for days after inflammatory 

 exudation has set in. A fair counterpart of this is found in lung 

 plague of cattle and it would indicate that both start from a local 

 infection, which gradually extends until the systemic derang- 

 ment is induced. As usually seen, and especially when it follows 

 exposure to severe cold, a staring coat or a shivering fit usher 

 in the disease, the degree of the chill bearing some ratio to the 

 coldness of the air and to the future severity of the malady. This 

 may be accompanied by a small, dry cough, but without any other 

 marked sign of lung disease. With the access of the hot stage 

 the characteristic symptoms of lung disease are manifested, at first 

 resembling those of congested lungs, but less severe than those given 

 under that head. There is a distinct increase of the body tem- 

 perature ; the visible mucous membranes are suffused with a blush ; 

 the expired air feels hot upon the hand ; the breathing, 30 to 40 

 per minute, is short and accompanied by much lifting of the 

 flanks — {labored') ; the cough is deep as if coming from the depth 

 of the chest, but not so hard nor so painful as in bronchitis ; the 

 legs are placed apart, the elbows turned out and. the head pro- 

 truded to facilitate breathing ; the nose is turned to an open door 



