234 Veterinary Medicine. 



and in bad cases each expiration is accompanied by a moan or 

 grunt. In many cases the ox can lie on his flattened breast-bone 

 and maintain the breathing process, but when the disease is severe 

 he stands no less obstinately than the horse, his elbows turned out, 

 his nose protruded and directed towards a window or other open- 

 ing. 



Among the unfavorable symptoms may be mentioned increas- 

 ing anxiety and distress, a more oppressed breathing, the animal 

 standing constantly in one position with legs apart, elbows turned 

 out, his nose extremely raised, nostrils widely dilating, mouth 

 open, tongue protruded, the expiratory grunt deep and prolonged, 

 the cough infrequent and so weak as to be almost inaudible, be- 

 ing rather like a forced expiration, and the pulse rapid, feeble or 

 imperceptible. The prognosis is favorable in moderate cases sub- 

 jected to early treatment. 



The termination by suppuration is more frequent than in the 

 horse. The general symptoms are ameliorated, appetite and rum- 

 ination return though they remain capricious and irregular, there 

 remains the double action of the flanks, the dry, rough muzzle, 

 the tense, inelastic .skin, frequently varying in temperature, the 

 beast shivers at intervals, the cough is weak and often repeated, a 

 yellowish thick discharge takes place from the nose, weakness and 

 emaciation increases and the animal dies in from twenty to thirty 

 days. 



Gangrene of the lung sometimes supervenes and is indicated by 

 similar symptoms as in the horse. In severe and prolonged cases 

 a violent fetid diarrhoea often supervenes and hastens a fatal re- 

 sult. 



The post mortem lesions are similar to those of the horse. 

 The cut surface of the hepatized lung, however, is divided 

 into irregular red spaces by intersecting yellow lines — hence 

 the name of marbled lung, from a supposed resemblance to 

 that stone. The red spaces represent the pulmonary lobules and 

 the whitish lines the surrounding areolar tissue which being 

 especially abundant in ruminants and pigs stands out prominently 

 when infiltrated with the yellowish exudation. There is then 

 nothing specific in this appsarance as has been erroneously sup- 

 posed, it is merely the result of the different conformation of the 

 lung in these animals and is always seen in the hepatized lung 

 unless when from extravasation of blood into its substance the 



