284 Veterinary Medicine. 



stand out prominently beyond their interspaces ; the abdomen 

 equally rises inferiorly and falls in laterally so that a projecting 

 ridge is formed from the lower end of the last rib to the point of 

 the hip. This is specially marked during the period of inaction, 

 and this is succeeded by the second effort quick and almost con- 

 vulsive. These movements are so extensive that they are con- 

 veyed in a striking degree to any vehicle to which the animal is 

 attached, especially if it has only two wheels, and a rider on 

 horseback feels the movement still more disagreeably. When a 

 horse is in this state the alternate rising and falling of the abdom- 

 inal organs imparts a synchronous movement of protrusion and 

 and contraction to the anus and in thin subjects a rising and fall- 

 ing of the muscles on each side of the root of the tail. The nos- 

 trils too are kept constantly dilated. 



There is a nasal discharge, but this is very inconsiderable in the 

 early stages of- the malady. It is a clear watery or slightly gray- 

 ish albuminous material without any visible admixture of pus 

 globules, and on drying it leaves a scarcely perceptible crust. At 

 first it appears intermittently and in minute quantities, but in bad 

 cases it becomes almost constant, and is especially profuse after 

 exercise. 



Abnormal respiratory sounds are marked symptoms in the 

 advanced stages. The wheezing noise of the breathing, especial- 

 ly when that is excited by exertion, may be heard at a short 

 distance from the animal. The increased resonance on percussion 

 along the lower border of the lung is only heard when the em- 

 physema is extensive. The dry sibilant or whistling rllle heard 

 over the same parts is equally a symptom of the advanced stages. 

 When there is much discharge a moist rattle is often heard over 

 the lower end of the windpipe or immediately behind the middle 

 of the shoulder. The overlaying of the anterior lobe by the 

 thick, muscular shoulder, and the complication of results ob- 

 tained at the free border of the lung by the abdominal noises and 

 resonance render these results less conclusive in the earlier stages 

 and slighter cases. 



The application of the hand to the side of the chest behind the 

 left elbow may detect a strong impulse of the heart with each 

 beat. If the patient is actively exercised for some time this may 

 be felt on the right side as well. This symptom indicates the 

 existence of dilatation of the right cavities of the heart. 



