372 Veterinary Medicine. 



ules and dissolved solids. If however the loss has been moderate 

 the quality may be restored in a few days. Buntzen found that 

 after moderate bleeding the volume is restored in a few hours ; 

 after a profuse haemorrhage in 24 to 48 hours. After bleeding to 

 I.I to 4.4 per cent, of the body weight the increase of the red 

 globules may be noticed after 24 hours, and is completed in 7 to 

 34 days. It is noteworthy that during this repair the bone mar- 

 row becomes much redder and more cellular, and that new red 

 cells found in the blood are nucleated (Neumann) and contain 

 less haemoglobin (Ott). The absence of haemoglobin is nearly in 

 proportion to the amount of the haemorrhage (Bizzozero, Sal- 

 violi). If the haemorrhage is slow and continuous this repair is 

 ■counterbalanced and the anaemia is much more persistent. 



Profuse secretion as of milk (cows, goats, ewes, bitches, on 

 ;poor feeding) , of liquid faeces, urine, or pus often determine a 

 marked and even dangerous anaemia. 



The rapid growth of multiple tumors as of melanosis in gray 

 iorses has been noticed to cause profound anaemia (Bouley). 



Perhaps no cause is more potent than the attacks of parasites 

 and especially such as live by sucking the blood. The numerous 

 strongyli of the lungs, stomach, and intestine, the tricocephalus, 

 and allied round worms, the trematodes of the liver, and the cyto- 

 ■dites of birds furnish striking examples of the bloodless and de- 

 ■bilitated condition which they may produce. In man ankylosto- 

 mata causes anaemia in Egypt, Italy (St. Gothard) and elsewhere, 

 •and bothriocephala in different countries. 



Chronic exhausting diseases especially those which affect 

 the digestive organs and mesenteric glands are prolific causes. So 

 with Bright's disease. 



Connected with these are defects in diet or hygiene. Starva- 

 tion, unsuitable, innutritions, or indigestible food, too laxative 

 food, damp, dark, draughty or unventilated stables, and irregu- 

 larity in feeding, watering and work are all potent factors in in- 

 ducing anaemia. 



Diseases of the masticatory apparatus (broken jaw, dis- 

 eased teeth,) preventing the preparation of food, and pharyngeal 

 •troubles interfering with deglutition are other causes. Finally 

 overwork is not to be forgotten. 



Toxic anaemia may occur from the ingestion of lead, mercury, 

 or arsenic. 



