Todd : Birds of Erie and Presque Isle. 493 



1897, and that was a small one, a few hundred birds in all. The Pec- 

 toral Sandpiper was practically not represented in the migrations of 

 1900, but the following year it was found in small numbers. The 

 White-rurnped and Stilt Sandpipers, the Knot, Red-breasted Snipe, 

 Hudsonian Curlew, and Northern Pha! ope ought, in my judgment, 

 to occur here regularly, but certain it is that we get very few shore- 

 birds, other than Yellow -legs (both species), Semipalmated Plover, 

 Killdeer, Least and Semipalmated Sandpipers, Sanderlings, and an 

 occasional Black-bellied and Golden Plover. I hope that the decrease 

 apparent in water-birds of nearly all kinds merely means that they are 

 migrating by safer routes, but I fear that what I have noted at Erie is 

 but a fair sample of what has been observed throughout the country." 



Two hundred and thirty-seven species of birds have been recorded 

 from the region of which this paper treats — a larger number than have 

 been observed in any other area of similar size in the western part of 

 Pennsylvania, and the list is still obviously far from complete. More- 

 over, it is evident that further observations would add largely to the 

 notes on the seasonal occurrence and abundance of many of the less 

 common species. Considerable difficulty has been encountered in 

 attempting to classify the various components of the avifauna according 

 to their seasonal status, as in some cases such is uncertain or indeter- 

 minate, and the lists that follow must be regarded as provisional only, 

 and subject to modification in the future. 



Eighteen species are to be classed as permanent residents, two of 

 them doubtfully, as their occurrence throughout the year is inferred 

 rather than known. They are : 



Colinus virginianus, ? Centurus carolinus, 



Bonasa umbellus, Otocoris alpestris praticola, 

 Nyctalops wilsonianus , Cyanocitta cristata, 



Syrtiium varium, Astragalinus tristis, 

 Cryptoglaux acadica, Melospiza cinerea melodia, 



Otus asio, ? Cardinalis cardinalis, 

 Asio magellanicus virginianus, Ampelis cedrorum, 



Dryobates villosns, Sitta carolinensis , 



Dryobates pubescens medianus, Parus atricapillus. 



Eighty-eight species may be placed in the list of summer residents, 

 and doubtless some listed as transients belong here also, as the locality 

 is well within their known breeding range. On the other hand there 



