The Campaign at Havana 5 



countries not having an excessive annual rainfall. 

 This work was started in 1901 when the yellow 

 fever campaign was well advanced. No anti- 

 malaria work had been attempted elsewhere pre- 

 vious to the Cuban anti-malaria campaign. Ross 

 started his practical field work in the East at the 

 same time that work was begun in Havana. There 

 was no previously acquired information available 

 on the subject nor any known practical methods 

 that could be followed, or that could assist those in 

 charge of operations. At that time, very little was 

 known regarding the habits and life history of 

 Anopheles. It was practically all pioneer work, 

 and improvements and methods of procedure were 

 devised as the work progressed. Years of subse- 

 quent experience have shown that for pioneer work 

 the scheme was excellent. 



A survey was first made to determine the princi- 

 pal sources of Anopheles affecting Havana and its 

 outlying suburbs. The most important propaga- 

 tion areas received first attention. Treatment of 

 pools with oil having a paraffin base was tested. 

 As the wet places harboring Anopheles were widely 

 scattered over a large area, a covered wagon was 

 used for transporting laborers, tools, and oil to 

 control as much territory as possible with the 

 small force employed. The plan of oiling was 



